2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species

Reactive Oxygen Species

Reactive Oxygen Species

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-143243
    Antioxidant agent-5
    		Inhibitor
    Antioxidant agent-5 (compound D-6) is a potent antioxidant agent. Antioxidant agent-5 can inhibit oxLDL (oxidized low-density lipoprotein)-induced apoptosis and the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in VECs. Antioxidant agent-5 suppresses oxLDL-induced increase of ROS level and nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Antioxidant agent-5 protects against oxLDL-induced endothelial injury by activating Nrf2/HO-1 anti-oxidation pathway.
    Antioxidant agent-5
  • HY-149997
    Anticancer agent 120
    		Inducer
    Anticancer agent 120 (compound 21) is an N-acylated ciprofloxacin derivative, which has certain antibacterial activity and induces ROS to promote cancer cell apoptosis.
    Anticancer agent 120
  • HY-146504
    Topoisomerase I/II inhibitor 3
    		Inducer
    Topoisomerase I/II inhibitor 3 (compound 7) is a potent topoisomerase I (Topo I) and II (Topo II) dual inhibitor. Topoisomerase I/II inhibitor 3 can inhibit cell proliferation, invasion and migration, and induce apoptosis by inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Topoisomerase I/II inhibitor 3 can be used for liver cancer research.
    Topoisomerase I/II inhibitor 3
  • HY-N0501R
    11-oxo-mogroside V (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    11-oxo-mogroside V (Standard) is the analytical standard of 11-oxo-mogroside V. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 11-oxo-mogroside V is a natural sweetener that exhibits strong antioxidant activity. It exhibits significant inhibitory effects on reactive oxygen species (O2-, H2O2 and *OH) with EC50 of 4.79, 16.52, and 146.17 μg/mL, respectively.
    11-oxo-mogroside V (Standard)
  • HY-158189
    TPP-Ce6
    Tpp-ce6 is a mitochondria-targeting photosensitizer formed by binding chlorophyll e6 (Ce6) to triphenylphosphine (TPP) via an ester bond. TPP-Ce6 can produce ROS under light irradiation, especially singlet oxygen, which can induce oxidative stress, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. TPP-Ce6 can be used in the study of mitochondria in apoptosis and energy metabolism as well as cancer therapy.
    TPP-Ce6
  • HY-N0359R
    Cynarin (Standard)
    Cynarin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Cynarin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Cynarin is an antichoke agent with a variety of biological activities including antioxidant, antihistamic and antiviral activities.
    Cynarin (Standard)
  • HY-N11934
    Piperkadsin A
    		Inhibitor
    Piperkadsin A is a potent inhibitor of ROS. Piperkadsin inhibits PMA-induced ROS production in human polymorphonuclear neutrophils with an IC50 of 4.3 μM.
    Piperkadsin A
  • HY-165362
    AO-1535
    		Inhibitor
    AO-1535 is a semisynthetic monoglycosylceramide that inhibits the production of reactive oxygen intermediates in human monocytes and macrophages stimulated by phorbol ester and chemotactic tetrapeptide. AO-1535 can be used for the research of inflammatory dermatoses.
    AO-1535
  • HY-116722
    (2E)-4-Hydroperoxy-2-nonenal
    		Inducer
    (2E)-4-Hydroperoxy-2-nonenal is a lipid peroxidation product derived from oxidized ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and can be used as a marker of oxidative stress.
    (2E)-4-Hydroperoxy-2-nonenal
  • HY-A0278R
    Hexaconazole (Standard)
    Hexaconazole (Standard) is the analytical standard of Hexaconazole. This product is intended for research and analytical applications.
    Hexaconazole (Standard)
  • HY-N7063S1
    Nerol-d6
    		Activator
    Nerol-d6 is deuterated labeled Oct-1-en-3-ol (HY-W010410). Oct-1-en-3-ol, a fatty acid fragrant, is a self-stimulating oxylipin messenger. Oct-1-en-3-ol serves as a signaling molecule in plant cellular responses, plant-herbivore interactions, and plant-plant interactions. Oct-1-en-3-ol causes dopamine neuron degeneration through disruption of dopamine handling.
    Nerol-d<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-I0508R
    Phthalic acid (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Phthalic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Phthalic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Phthalic acid is the final common metabolite of phthalic acid esters (PAEs). Phthalic acid can be used for the synthesis of synthetic agents, such as isophthalic acid (IPA), and terephthalic acid (TPA). Phthalic acid has applications in the preparation of phthalate ester plasticizers. Phthalic acid exhibits mutagenic effect and causes genetic damage in mammalian germ cells.
    Phthalic acid (Standard)
  • HY-N13869
    Asperlin
    		Inducer
    Asperlin is an orally active marine-derived antibiotic with antifungal, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic activities. Asperlin induces apoptosis. Asperlin increases reactive oxygen species (ROS)- and DNA damage-associated G2/M phase arrest and ATM phosphorylation. Asperlin is effective in preventing HFD-induced obesity and modulating gut microbiota.
    Asperlin
  • HY-137034
    (+)-Secolongifolene-diol
    (+)-Secolongifolene-diol is a sesquiterpene, that can be isolated from the marine fungal Drechslera sp. (+)-Secolongifolene-diol exhibits slightly weak effectiveness in antioxidation, antimicrobial and antifouling aspects.
    (+)-Secolongifolene-diol
  • HY-114911R
    Feprazone (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Feprazone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Feprazone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Feprazone (DA2370; Prenazone), an analogue of Phenylbutazone (HY-B0230), is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic activities. Feprazone acts by inhibiting the activity of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. Feprazone ameliorates free fatty acid (FFA)-induced oxidative stress by reducing the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). Feprazone can decrease the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Besides, Feprazone can suppress adipogenesis and increase lipolysis in differentiating 3 T3-L1 cells. Feprazone also can be used to research atherosclerosis and obesity.
    Feprazone (Standard)
  • HY-144900R
    Topramezone (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Topramezone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Topramezone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Topramezone is a potent 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (4-HPPD) inhibitor. Topramezone is a herbicide, used for the post-emergence control of broadleaf and grass weeds in corn.
    Topramezone (Standard)
  • HY-N13174
    Peanut procyanidin A
    		Inhibitor
    Peanut procyanidin A is a type of A-type procyanidin that can be extracted from peanut skins. Peanut procyanidin A can protect prostate DU145 cells from H2O2-induced oxidative stress damage through the MAPKs signaling pathway, alleviate cell cycle arrest, and reduce cell apoptosis. Peanut procyanidin A can also regulate gut microbiota and metabolism in mice with DSS (HY-116282)-induced ulcerative colitis.
    Peanut procyanidin A
  • HY-N0105S2
    Rhein-13C4
    Rhein-13C4 (Rheic Acid-13C4) is 13C labeled Rhein. Rhein is an anthraquinone compound with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-cancer effects.
    Rhein-13C4
  • HY-15311R
    Avermectin B1 (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Avermectin B1 (Standard) is the analytical standard of Avermectin B1. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Avermectin B1 (Abamectin) is a mixture of two similar segments of avermectin. Avermectin B1 is an orally anti-infection agent, which can be used in the research of parasitic worms, insect pests, agriculture and animal husbandry. Avermectin B1 can also induce the production of ROS and induces cytotoxicity, apoptosis and autophagy.
    Avermectin B1 (Standard)
  • HY-17007R
    Saquinavir (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Saquinavir (Standard) (Ro 31-8959 (Standard)) is the analytical standard of Saquinavir (HY-17007). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Saquinavir (Ro 31-8959) is an orally active HIV protease inhibitor that can be used in the research of AIDS. Saquinavir also has anti-inflammatory activity and can induce apoptosis of human red blood cells.
    Saquinavir (Standard)
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity