2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species

Reactive Oxygen Species

Reactive Oxygen Species

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-161332
    Antitumor agent-143
    		Activator
    Antitumor agent-143 (compound 2c) is an antitumor agent that blocks cell proliferation of A549 cells during the S phase and induces an early apoptosis. Antitumor agent-143 induces cell death via ferroptosis, apoptosis by a ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction pathway and GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis.
    Antitumor agent-143
  • HY-P1184A
    HNGF6A TFA
    		Inhibitor
    HNGF6A TFA is a humanin analogue. HNGF6A TFA increases glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and glucose metabolism, and has the potential for diabetes research. HNGF6A TFA inhibits of ROS production during oxidative stress. HNGF6A TFA can prevent endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis in vivo.
    HNGF6A TFA
  • HY-149602
    Glutaminase C-IN-2
    		Agonist
    Glutaminase C-IN-2 (compound 11) is glutaminase C (GAC) allosteric inhibitor with an IC50 of 10.64 nM. Glutaminase C-IN-2 regulates the cellular metabolite, thereby increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) by blocking glutamine metabolism. Glutaminase C-IN-2 has anticancer effects.
    Glutaminase C-IN-2
  • HY-W001187R
    Tempo (Standard)
    		Activator
    Tempo (Standard) is the analytical standard of Tempo. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Tempo is a nitric oxide radical and a selective scavenger of ROS in mitochondria. Tempo is also an organocatalyst that disproportionates superoxide and oxidizes primary alcohols to aldehydes in a catalytic cycle. Tempo has mutagenic and antioxidant effects and can induceDNA strand breaks. Tempo also exerts cytotoxic and mutagenic properties in mouse lymphoma cells[4].
    Tempo (Standard)
  • HY-N0111S
    Coenzyme Q10-d6
    Coenzyme Q10-d6 is deuterium labeled Coenzyme Q10. Coenzyme Q10 is an essential cofactor of the electron transport chain and a potent antioxidant agent.
    Coenzyme Q10-d<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-N2007R
    Veratric acid (Standard)
    Veratric acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Veratric acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Veratric acid (3,4-Dimethoxybenzoic acid) is an orally active phenolic compound derived from vegetables and fruits, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Veratric acid also acts as a protective agent against hypertension-associated cardiovascular remodelling. Veratric acid reduces upregulated COX-2 expression, and levels of PGE2, IL-6 after UVB irradiation.
    Veratric acid (Standard)
  • HY-176039
    TUG-2181
    		Inhibitor
    TUG-2181 is an antagonist of GPR84 with an IC50 value of 34 nM. TUG-2181 inhibits GPR84 agonists-induced reactive species oxygen (ROS) production and IL-8 release in human neutrophils. TUG-2181 can be used for inflammation and fibrosis study.
    TUG-2181
  • HY-W015273S
    3-Indoleacrylic acid-d4
    		Agonist
    3-Indoleacrylic acid-d4 is deuterium labeled 3-Indoleacrylic acid (HY-W015273). 3-Indoleacrylic acid is a high-efficient antialgal agent. 3-Indoleacrylic acid increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and inhibits the functions of all the nutrient assimilating genes, down-regulated ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase II, and cytochrome f genes in P. donghaiense.
    3-Indoleacrylic acid-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-B1625R
    Deferoxamine (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Deferoxamine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Deferoxamine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Deferoxamine (Deferoxamine B) is an iron chelator (binds to Fe(III) and many other metal cations), is widely used to reduce iron accumulation and deposition in tissues. Deferoxamine upregulates HIF-1α levels with good antioxidant activity. Deferoxamine also shows anti-proliferative activity, can induce apoptosis and autophagy in cancer cells. Deferoxamine can be used in studies of diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases as well as anti-cancer and anti-COVID-19.
    Deferoxamine (Standard)
  • HY-159510
    VEGFR-2-IN-51
    		Activator
    VEGFR-2-IN-51 (compound 19) is an orally active dual-target inhibitor of VEGFR-2 (IC50=15.33 μM) and tubulin (IC50=0.76 μM) with anti-tumor activity. VEGFR-2-IN-51 induces tumor cell apoptosis by reducing mitochondrial membrane potential and increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. VEGFR-2-IN-51 exerts anti-angiogenic effects by blocking the VEGFR-2/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. In addition, VEGFR-2-IN-51 has significant anti-proliferative activity against the gastric cancer cell line MGC-803 (IC50=0.005 μM).
    VEGFR-2-IN-51
  • HY-146166
    PT4
    		Activator
    PT4 is a therapeutic agent against Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). PT4 is effective against both species of Leishmania, with IC50s of 125.18 and 233.18 μM for L. amazonensis and L. braziliensis, respectively. PT4 decreases of mitochondrial membrane potential and increases production of reactive oxygen species, which leads to parasite death. PT4 has a potent in vivo anti-inflammatory activity.
    PT4
  • HY-170867
    Nrf2/HO-1 activator 3
    		Inhibitor
    Nrf2/HO-1 activator 3 (Compound C3a) is the activator for Nrf2 signaling pathway that promotes the Nrf2 translocation into nuclei and upregulates the expression of heme oxygenase-1 HO-1. Nrf2/HO-1 activator 3 inhibits the overespression of ROS and MDA in H2O2- or glucose-stimulated H9c2 cardiomyocytes, inhibits the cell viability and colony formation, thereby exhibiting antioxidant efficacy.
    Nrf2/HO-1 activator 3
  • HY-169403
    NW16
    		Inducer
    NW16 is an orally active inhibitor for STAT3 with Kd of 11.0 μM. NW16 arrests the cell cycle at S phase, induces apoptosis in HCT116, and inhibits the proliferation of cancer cell HCT116, A549, and B16 with IC50s of 0.28, 1.22, and 9.86 μM, respectively. NW16 induces the production of ROS, inhibits the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, and thus exhibits antitumor efficacy in mouse model.
    NW16
  • HY-N2852
    α-Terthienylmethanol
    		Inducer
    α-Terthienylmethanol is a terthiophene isolated from the n-hexane fraction of E. prostrata. α-Terthienylmethanol has potent cytotoxic activity against human endometrial cancer cells (Hec1A and Ishikawa) (IC50 < 1 μM). α-Terthienylmethanol increases the intracellular level of ROS and decreases that of GSH.
    α-Terthienylmethanol
  • HY-N2852
    α-Terthienylmethanol
    		Inhibitor
    α-Terthienylmethanol is a terthiophene isolated from the n-hexane fraction of E. prostrata. α-Terthienylmethanol has potent cytotoxic activity against human endometrial cancer cells (Hec1A and Ishikawa) (IC50 < 1 μM). α-Terthienylmethanol increases the intracellular level of ROS and decreases that of GSH.
    α-Terthienylmethanol
  • HY-173190
    Antibacterial agent 271
    		Activator
    Antibacterial agent 271 is an antibacterial agent with significant inhibition against Escherichia coli (MIC: 2.2 μM). Antibacterial agent 271 reduces metabolic activity by disrupting the integrity of bacterial membranes. Antibacterial agent 271 binds to DNA grooves to inhibit replication and induces accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) , ultimately leading to bacterial death. Antibacterial agent 271 shows significant potential in combating bacterial infections.
    Antibacterial agent 271
  • HY-B1315S1
    Carbaryl-d7
    		Inducer
    Carbaryl-d7 is the deuterium labeled Carbaryl (HY-B1315). Carbaryl is the inhibitor for acetylcholinesterase that inhibits the degradation of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft, leads to the accumulation of acetylcholine and causes neurotoxicity. Carbaryl can be used as an insecticide.
    Carbaryl-d<sub>7</sub>
  • HY-146354
    Antiproliferative agent-4
    		Inducer
    Antiproliferative agent-4 (compound 2y) has excellent anti-proliferative activity against certain cancer cell lines. Antiproliferative agent-4 reduces the mitochondrial membrane potential, and increases the apoptosis rate and the level of ROS on EC109. Antiproliferative agent-4 inhibits tumour growth in nude mice, with low toxicity.
    Antiproliferative agent-4
  • HY-159004
    Se-DOPE
    		Modulator
    Se-DOPE is a phospholipid molecule with selenium. Se-DOPE can be used to synthesize the bifunctional Janus liposozyme. Se-DOPE promotes the production of ROS with induction of lights, scavenges the ROS with the presence of glutathione. Se-DOPE regulates redox and immune homeostasis in infected diabetic wounds.
    Se-DOPE
  • HY-165097
    1-Stearoyl-2-15(S)-HpETE-sn-glycero-3-PC
    1-Stearoyl-2-15(S)-HpETE-sn-glycero-3-PC (15(S)-HpETE-SAPC) is a compound studied for the cytotoxicity of phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxides. Its cytotoxicity is exerted through the decomposition of hydroperoxides to produce toxic compounds.
    1-Stearoyl-2-15(S)-HpETE-sn-glycero-3-PC
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity