2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Related Products

PDF 16.38 MB

Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-139637
    (±)-Silybin
    		Inducer 99.40%
    (±)-Silybin is the racemate of Silybin (HY-N0779A). Silybin induces apoptosis and exhibits hepatoprotective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer activity.
    (±)-Silybin
  • HY-N6940
    Prosapogenin A
    		Inducer 99.87%
    Prosapogenin A, a natural product from Veratrum, induces apoptosis in human cancer cells in vitro via inhibition of the STAT3 signaling pathway and glycolysis.
    Prosapogenin A
  • HY-15844
    AG-825
    		Inducer 98.02%
    AG-825 is a selective, ATP-competitive, tyrosine phosphorylation ErbB2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.35 μM. AG825 significantly accelerates Apoptosis of human neutrophils. AG-825 increases β1AR density. AAG-825 has anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. AAG-825 can be used in cardiovascular disease research.
    AG-825
  • HY-B0228S6
    Adenosine-d2
    		99.92%
    Adenosine-d2 is the deuterium labeled Adenosine. Adenosine (Adenine riboside), a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid, acts through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Adenosine affects almost all aspects of cellular physio
    Adenosine-d<sub>2</sub>
  • HY-N7526
    Naphthazarin
    		Inducer 99.59%
    Naphthazarin (DHNQ) is a naturally occurring compound. Naphthazarin is effective by various cellular mechanisms including oxidative stress, activation of mitochondrial apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), depolymerization of microtubules, interference with lysosomal function and p53-dependent p21 activation. Naphthazarin triggers apoptosis and has anti-tumor effects.
    Naphthazarin
  • HY-B0248
    Desonide
    		Inhibitor 99.64%
    Desonide is a non-fluorinated corticosteroid anti-inflammatory agent that acts on the glucocorticoid receptor. Desonide can also specifically bind to the mutant huntingtin protein (mHTT), reducing the level and toxicity of mHTT. Desonide can be used in the research of Huntington's disease and inflammatory diseases such as atopic dermatitis.
    Desonide
  • HY-150761
    MY-875
    		Inducer 99.56%
    MY-875 is a competitive microtubulin polymerization inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.92 μM. MY-875 inhibits microtubulin polymerization by targeting colchicine binding sites and activates the Hippo pathway. MY-875 induces apoptosis and has anticancer activity.
    MY-875
  • HY-N2424
    Flavone
    		Inducer 99.85%
    Flavone is an anti-tumor compound that targets cell cycle regulatory proteins (such as cyclin B1) and apoptosis-related factors (such as p21waf1, PIG3). Flavone selectively induces mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis pathways in tumor cells, inhibits cyclin B1 protein expression, upregulates p21waf1, and activates p63/p73 proteins. Flavone has immunomodulatory functions that enhance natural killer cell (NK cell) activity and lymphocyte proliferation. Flavone is used in cancer research, especially for its inhibitory potential in solid tumor models such as esophageal cancer and liver cancer.
    Flavone
  • HY-153066
    VLS-1272
    		Inducer 98.09%
    VLS-1272 (Compound 22) is an orally active KIF18A inhibitor that binds to the KIF18A-microtubule complex in an ATP-noncompetitive manner (IC50 = 41 nM), blocking its ATPase activity and inhibiting microtubule translocation. This leads to abnormal accumulation of KIF18A at spindle poles, disrupting chromosome alignment and inducing mitotic arrest and apoptosis in CINHigh tumor cells (e.g., ovarian cancer OVCAR-3, breast cancer JIMT-1). VLS-1272 is a promising candidate for anti-tumor research.
    VLS-1272
  • HY-101446
    HIOC
    		Inhibitor 99.94%
    HIOC is a potent and selective activator of TrkB (tropomyosin related kinase B) receptor. HIOC can pass the blood-brain and blood-retinal barriers.HIOC activates TrkB/ERK pathway and decreases neuronal cell apoptosis. HIOC attenuates early brain injury after SAH (subarachnoid hemorrhage). HIOC shows protective activity in an animal model for light-induced retinal degeneration.
    HIOC
  • HY-N0617
    Sanggenon C
    		Inducer 98.50%
    Sanggenon C, a flavonoid, exerts protective effects against cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis via suppression of the calcineurin/NFAT2 pathway. Sanggenon C inhibits mitochondrial fission to induce apoptosis by blocking the ERK signaling pathway. Sanggenon C inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in RAW264.7 cells, and TNF-α-stimulated cell adhesion and VCAM-1 expression, by suppressing NF-κB activity. Sanggenon C possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities.
    Sanggenon C
  • HY-P9923
    Benralizumab
    		Inducer 99.1%
    Benralizumab (MEDI-563) is an interleukin-5 receptor α (IL-5Rα)-directed cytolytic monoclonal antibody that induces direct, rapid and nearly complete depletion of eosinophils via enhanced antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Benralizumab can be used for severe eosinophilic asthma.
    Benralizumab
  • HY-135336
    (R)-Verapamil hydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.48%
    (R)-Verapamil hydrochloride ((R)-(+)-Verapamil hydrochloride) is an orally active P-Glycoprotein inhibitor. (R)-Verapamil hydrochloride blocks MRP1 mediated transport. (R)-Verapamil hydrochloride induces Apoptosis and inhibits L-type calcium channels BZPcc, DHPcc and PLLcc. (R)-Verapamil hydrochloride has anti-septic shock and anti-diabetic effects.
    (R)-Verapamil hydrochloride
  • HY-N0492S
    α-Lipoic Acid-d5
    		Inducer
    α-Lipoic Acid-d5 is the deuterium labeled α-Lipoic Acid. α-Lipoic Acid is an antioxidant, which is an essential cofactor of mitochondrial enzyme complexes. α-Lipoic Acid inhibits NF-κB-dependent HIV-1 LTR activation[1][2][3]. α-Lipoic Acid induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated apoptosis in hepatoma cells[4].
    α-Lipoic Acid-d<sub>5</sub>
  • HY-150538
    STAT3-IN-12
    		Inducer 99.92%
    STAT3-IN-12 is a potent STAT3 signal inhibitor that can inhibit IL-6 induced JAK/STAT3 signalling pathway activation. STAT3-IN-12 inhibits cancer cell growth, migration, and induce cell apoptosis as well as cycle arrest. STAT3-IN-12 can be used in cancer-related research, such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and oesophageal carcinoma.
    STAT3-IN-12
  • HY-B0993
    Mangafodipir trisodium
    		Inhibitor 99.82%
    Mangafodipir trisodium (MnDPDP), hepatocellular-specific contrast agent, is an efficacious inhibitor of CIPN (chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropath) and other conditions caused by cellular oxidative stress. Mangafodipir trisodium shows no negative interference with the tumoricidal activity of chemotherapy.
    Mangafodipir trisodium
  • HY-131592
    Tricetin
    		Activator 99.19%
    Tricetin is a potent competitive inhibitor of the Keap1-Nrf2 Protein Protein Interaction (PPI). Tricetin protects against 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity in Parkinson's disease model by activating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and preventing mitochondria-dependent apoptosis pathway.
    Tricetin
  • HY-101991
    ML291
    		Inducer 99.74%
    ML291 is a UPR (unfolded protein response)-inducing sulfonamidebenzamide. ML291 overwhelms the adaptive capacity of the UPR and induces apoptosis in a variety of solid cancer models. ML291 can activate the PERK/eIF2a/CHOP (apoptotic) arm of the UPR and reduce leukemic cell burden.
    ML291
  • HY-100806R
    Kynurenic acid (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Kynurenic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Kynurenic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Kynurenic acid, an endogenous tryptophan metabolite, is a broad-spectrum antagonist targeting NMDA, glutamate, α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Kynurenic acid is also an agonist of GPR35/CXCR8.
    Kynurenic acid (Standard)
  • HY-15158
    SBE13 Hydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.66%
    SBE13 Hydrochloride is a potent and selective Plk1 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 200 pM; SBE13 Hydrochloride poorly inhibits Plk2 (IC50>66 μM) or Plk3 (IC50=875 nM).
    SBE13 Hydrochloride
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity