Autophagy

Related Products

Autophagy is a conserved cellular degradation and recycling process in the lysosome. In mammalian cells, there are three primary types of autophagy: microautophagy, macroautophagy, and chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA). Microphagy captures cargoes by means of invaginations or protrusions of the lysosomal membrane directly, CMA uses chaperones to identify cargo proteins and then unfolds and transfers them into the lysosomal, while macroautophagy sequesters cargo by autophagosomes-de novo synthesized of double-membrane vesicles-and subsequently transport it to the lysosome.

Macroautophagy is the best studied and it occurs at a low level constitutively and can also be further induced under stress conditions, such as nutrient or energy starvation with a salient feature of autophagy protein degradation. Stress-induced macrophagy plays an important role in protein catabolism with another key protein degradation pathway, the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS).

As the study progressed, autophagy gains its importance under basal, nutrient-rich conditions, and is now recognized as a critical housekeeping pathway in catabolism of diverse cellular constituents, such as protein aggregates (aggrephagy), lipid droplets (lipophagy), iron complex (Ferritinophagy) and carbohydrate. Except for macromolecules, autophagy can also target several organelles and structures, such as mitochondria (mitophagy), peroxisome (pexophagy), endoplasmic reticulum (reticulophagy or ER-phagy), ribosome (ribophagy), spermatozoon-inherited organelles following fertilization (allophagy), secretory granules within pancreatic cells (zymophagy) and intracellular pathogens (xenophagy).

Autophagy and its dysfunction are associated with a variety of human pathologies, including ageing, cancer, neurodegenerative disease, heart disease and metabolic diseases, such as diabetes. Plenty of drugs and natural products are involved in autophagy modulation through multiple signaling pathways. Small molecules that can regulate autophagy seem to have great potential to intervene such diseases in animal models or clinical courses.

Autophagy Related Products (2750)
Antibodies (31)
Autophagy Signaling Pathway

By Effects:	Controls (5) Inhibitors (384) Agonists (5) Activators (69) Modulators (39) Chemical (1) Inducers (1841)

Cat. No.	Product Name	Effect	Purity	Chemical Structure

HY-136160

Thalidomide 4'-oxyacetamide-alkyl-C2-amine hydrochloride	Inducer	99.12%
Thalidomide 4'-oxyacetamide-alkyl-C2-amine hydrochloride incorporates a cereblon (CRBN) ligand for the E3 ubiquitin ligase, and a linker. Thalidomide 4'-oxyacetamide-alkyl-C2-amine hydrochloride can be used to design the PROTACs.

HY-100155

4-IBP		98.90%
4-IBP is a selective σ₁ receptor agonist with high affinity for the σ₁ receptor (K_i =1.7 nM) and moderate affinity for the σ₂ receptor (K_i = 25.2 nM). 4-IBP can make cancer cells more sensitive to the cytotoxic effects of pro-apoptotic and pro-autophagic compounds. 4-IBP significantly reduces the migration ability of a variety of cancer cells. 4-IBP is mainly used in glioblastoma, non-small cell lung cancer and prostate cancer research.

HY-138789

Thalidomide-Piperazine-PEG1-NH2	Inducer
Thalidomide-Piperazine-PEG1-NH2 is a synthesized E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that incorporates the Thalidomide based cereblon ligand and a linker used in PROTAC technology.

HY-129704A

Thalidomide-NH-C6-NH2 TFA	Inducer	99.82%
Thalidomide-NH-C6-NH2 TFA is a synthesized E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that incorporates the Thalidomide based cereblon ligand and a linker used in PROTAC technology.

HY-130853

Thalidomide-NH-PEG2-C2-NH-Boc	Inducer	98.37%
Thalidomide-NH-PEG2-C2-NH-Boc is a synthesized?E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate?that incorporates the?Thalidomide?based cereblon ligand and a PEG linker used for dBRD9 (compound 6) synthesis. dBRD9 is a selective BRD9 probe PROTAC degrader for the study of BAF complex biology.

HY-13018A

MRT67307 hydrochloride	Inhibitor
MRT67307 hydrochloride is a dual inhibitor of the IKKε and TBK-1 with IC₅₀s of 160 and 19 nM, respectively. MRT67307 hydrochloride also inhibits ULK1 and ULK2 with IC₅₀s of 45 and 38 nM, respectively. MRT67307 hydrochloride also blocks autophagy in cells.

HY-130964B

Thalidomide-PEG4-NH2 hydrochloride	Inducer
Thalidomide-PEG4-NH2 hydrochloride is a synthesized E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that incorporates the Thalidomide based cereblon ligand and a linker used in PROTAC technology.

HY-19970

KM11060		98.71%
KM11060 is a corrector of the F508 deletion (F508del)-cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) trafficking defect. KM11060 can be used for the research of F508del-CFTR processing defect and development of cystic fibrosis research.

HY-129703A

Thalidomide-PEG2-C2-NH2 TFA	Inducer	99.39%
Thalidomide-PEG2-C2-NH2 TFA is a synthesized E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that incorporates the Thalidomide based cereblon ligand and 2-unit PEG linker used in PROTAC technology.

HY-131646

Thalidomide-O-amido-C3-PEG3-C1-NH2	Inducer	99.08%
Thalidomide-O-amido-C3-PEG3-C1-NH2 is a synthesized E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that incorporates the Thalidomide based cereblon ligand and 3-unit PEG linker used in PROTAC technology.

HY-107440

Thalidomide-O-amido-PEG3-C2-NH2	Inducer
Thalidomide-O-amido-PEG3-C2-NH2 (Cereblon Ligand-Linker Conjugates 3) is a synthesized E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that incorporates the Thalidomide based cereblon ligand and 3-unit PEG linker used in PROTAC technology.

HY-114569

6-CEPN	Activator	99.17%
6-CEPN is a RAS inhibitor. 6-CEPN can inhibit RAS activation by binding to Icmt binding sites. 6-CEPN has anticancer activity. 6-CEPN can block cancer cells in the G1 phase. 6-CEPN can induce autophagy and necrosis of Cancer cells (Icmt: isovalerylcysteine carboxymethyltransferase).

HY-13062A

Daunorubicin	Inducer
Daunorubicin (Daunomycin) is a topoisomerase II inhibitor with potent anti-tumor activity. Daunorubicin inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis. Daunorubicin is a cytotoxin that inhibits cancer cell viability and induces apoptosis and necrosis. Daunorubicin is also an anthracycline antibiotic. Daunorubicin can be used in the research of infection and variety of cancers, including leukemia, non-Hodgkin lymphomas, Ewing's sarcoma, Wilms' tumor.

HY-17504A

Rosuvastatin	Inducer
Rosuvastatin (ZD 4522) is a competitive HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 11 nM. Rosuvastatin potently blocks hERG current with an IC₅₀ of 195 nM, delayed cardiac repolarization, and thereby prolonged action potential durations (APDs) and corrected QT interval (QTc) intervals. Rosuvastatin reduces the expression of the mature hERG and the interaction of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) with the hERG protein. Rosuvastatin effectively lowers low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, and C-reactive protein levels.

HY-108701

Nampt-IN-3	Activator	98.97%
Nampt-IN-3 (Compound 35) simultaneously inhibit nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) and HDAC with IC₅₀s of 31 nM and 55 nM, respectively. Nampt-IN-3 effectively induces cell apoptosis and autophagy and ultimately leads to cell death.

HY-138788

Thalidomide-Piperazine-PEG2-NH2	Inducer
Thalidomide-Piperazine-PEG2-NH2 is a synthesized E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that incorporates the Thalidomide based cereblon ligand and a linker used in PROTAC technology.

HY-17502S1

Simvastatin-d₃
Simvastatin-d₃ is the deuterium labeled Simvastatin[1]. Simvastatin (MK 733) is a competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase with a Ki of 0.2 nM[2].

HY-N0052

Sanguinarine	Inducer
Sanguinarine (Sanguinarin), a benzophenanthridine alkaloid derived from the root of Sanguinaria Canadensis, can stimulate apoptosis via activating the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Sanguinarine-induced apoptosis is associated with the activation of JNK and NF-κB.

HY-112600A

Thalidomide-O-amido-PEG1-(C1-PEG)2-C2-NH2 TFA	Inducer	99.28%
Thalidomide-O-amido-PEG1-(C1-PEG)2-C2-NH2 TFA is a synthesized E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that incorporates the Thalidomide based cereblon ligand and 3-unit PEG linker used in PROTAC technology.

HY-138771

Thalidomide-NH-PEG3-COOH	Inducer	98.90%
Thalidomide-NH-PEG3-COOH is a synthesized E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that incorporates the Thalidomide based cereblon ligand and a linker used in PROTAC technology.

EGF IL-6 IL-6R ATP PKA AMPK TSC 1 TSC 2 PI3K/AKT Signaling MAPK/ErK1/2
Signaling RAS JAK/STAT
Signaling Lysosome
(or endosome) EGFR Glucose transporter Substrate
recognition Invagination Fission Degradation Mutant mTOR RAPTOR mLST8 PRAS40 DEPTOR ATG13 ULK1 ULK1
complex Mitophagy Ub-independent Ub-dependent NIX/
FUNDC1/
BNIP3
… PINK1 PARL TBK1 Autophagy
Receptor (AR) OPTN/
NBR1/
NDP52
… STX17 LC3I Class III
PI3K
complex VPS34 ATG14L Beclin1 VPS15 Phagophore BCL-2 BCL-X Cargo
e.g. proteins
and organelles Phagophore Fusion LC3II PE ATG3 ATG7 LC3I ATG4B pro-LC3 ATG16L1 ATG16L1 ATG16L1 ATG12 ATG12 ATG12 ATG5 ATG5 ATG5 ATG5 ATG7 ATG10 ATG12 Chaperone-mediated autophagy Substrates Recognition Translocation Chaperones LAMP2A Lyposome Degradation KFERO
motif Closure and maturation Vesicle fusion Lysosome Autophagosome PKA p53 HSC70/HSPA8 ΔΨm

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Autophagy

Autophagy

Autophagy Related Products (2750)

Antibodies (31)

Autophagy Signaling Pathway

Autophagy Related Products (2750):