2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-116392D
    PDMP hydrochloride
    		Inducer ≥99.0%
    PDMP hydrochloride is a glucosylceramide synthase (GCS) inhibitor. PDMP hydrochloride induces apoptosis in K562/A02 cells. PDMP hydrochloride can be used in cancer (such as leukemia) research.
    PDMP hydrochloride
  • HY-Y0265
    Isatin
    		Inducer 99.89%
    Isatin (Indoline-2,3-dione) is a potent inhibitor of monoamine oxidase (MAO) with an IC50 of 3 μM. Also binds to central benzodiazepine receptors (IC50 against clonazepam, 123 μM). Also acts as an antagonist of both atrial natriuretic peptide stimulated and nitric oxide-stimulated guanylate cyclase activity. Shows effect on the serotonergic system.
    Isatin
  • HY-B0739A
    Citicoline sodium
    		Inhibitor 99.90%
    Citicoline sodium is an endogenous intermediate in the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine which is a component of cell membranes. Citicoline sodium inhibits reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis. Citicoline sodium can be used for neurological disease and hearing loss study.
    Citicoline sodium
  • HY-W021040
    Fludioxonil
    		Activator 99.94%
    Fludioxonil (CGA-173506) is a phenylpyrrole-type fungicide with oral activity that can inhibit the growth of S. sclerotiorum. Fludioxonil promotes tumor growth and metastasis, and induces cardiac toxicity. Fludioxonil causes cytoskeletal disruption, DNA damage, and apoptosis in mouse glioma cells.
    Fludioxonil
  • HY-17509
    Deracoxib
    		Inducer 99.65%
    Deracoxib, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, is a non-narcotic, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).
    Deracoxib
  • HY-B0736A
    Sertaconazole nitrate
    		Inducer 99.19%
    Sertaconazole nitrate (FI7056) is a broad-spectrum topical antifungal agent, exhibits anti-inflammatory activity via activation of a p38-COX-2-PGE2 pathway. Sertaconazole nitrate is also a microtubule inhibitor, shows antiproliferative effect, induces apoptosis and autophagy, and can also inhibit the migration of cells.
    Sertaconazole nitrate
  • HY-131697
    FeTPPS
    		Inhibitor 99.00%
    FeTPPS, a 5,10,15,20-tetrakis (4-sulfonatophenyl) porphyrin iron III chloride peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst, possesses evident neuroprotective effects in a experimental model of spinal cord damage. FeTPPS acts as a peroxynitrite scavenger and anti-nitrating agent in vivo. FeTPPS reduces nitric oxide (NO) production and apoptosis process.
    FeTPPS
  • HY-124012
    PCNA-I1
    		Inducer 99.20%
    PCNA-I1 is a selective small molecule inhibitor targeting proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) with anticancer activity. PCNA-I1 can stabilize the PCNA trimer structure (Kd=0.14-0.41μM), reduce its binding to chromatin, induce tumor cell cycle arrest, inhibit DNA replication and repair, and enhance the anti-tumor effect of DNA damaging agents. PCNA-I1 can be used in the study of targeted therapy for prostate cancer, lung cancer and other tumors.
    PCNA-I1
  • HY-W012814
    4-Methylcatechol
    		Inducer 99.52%
    4-Methylcatechol is an intermediate in the degradation of some alkylbenzenes and an orally active suicide inhibitor of catechol 2,3-dioxygenase (C23O). 4-Methylcatechol induces apoptosis in melanoma cells through oxidative stress, but some studies have also shown that 4-Methylcatechol is carcinogenic. In addition, 4-Methylcatechol has antiplatelet and blood pressure-lowering activities. 4-Methylcatechol can also inhibit protein oxidation in beef but does not disulfide formation.
    4-Methylcatechol
  • HY-B0148
    Risedronic acid
    		Inducer ≥98.0%
    Risedronic acid (Risedronate) is a bisphosphonate and potent antiresorptive agent. Risedronic acid induces Apoptosis. Risedronic acid inhibits the transfer of farnesyl pyrophosphate groups to parasite proteins. Risedronic acid inhibits osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and alters bone metabolism. Risedronic acid inhibits blood-stage Plasmodium falciparum (IC50 of 20.3 μM).
    Risedronic acid
  • HY-152231
    BODIPY FL thalidomide
    		Inducer 99.20%
    BODIPY FL thalidomide is a high-affinity fluorescent probe for the human cereblon protein with a Kd value of 3.6 nM[1]
    BODIPY FL thalidomide
  • HY-N2541
    Gymnemic acid I
    		Inhibitor 98.84%
    Gymnemic acid I is a bioactive triterpene saponin found in Gymnema sylvestre. Gymnemic acid I is an antisweetness inhibitor via human sweet receptor type 1 receptor 2 (T1R2) and T1R3. Gymnemic acid I is a ribosomal protein biosynthesis inhibitor. Gymnemic acid I has antidiabetic effects. Gymnema acid I induces autophagy-protected MIN-6 cells from apoptosis under high glucose stress by inhibiting the phosphorylation activity of mTOR.
    Gymnemic acid I
  • HY-150750
    ODN M362
    		Inducer
    ODN M362, a class C oligodeoxynucleotide, is a TLR-9 agonist and can be used as a vaccine adjuvant. ODN M362 induces cancer cell apoptosis.
    ODN M362
  • HY-N6746
    Citrinin
    		Inducer 99.94%
    Citrinin (NSC 186) is a mycotoxin that causes food contamination and has different toxic effects. Citrinin is an effective oral anticancer agent. Citrinin has various regulatory effects on mouse immune system, including regulating the number of immune cells, inducing apoptosis and autophagy of immune cells, altering toll-like receptor expression and cytokine production. Citrinin can induce oxidative stress and lead to early apoptosis of oocytes. Low doses of Citrinin have neuroprotective effects against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in rat cortical neurons. In addition, Citrinin also has antibacterial activity.
    Citrinin
  • HY-151480
    HP590
    		Inducer 98.59%
    HP590 is an orally active, novel and potent STAT3 inhibitor (STAT3 luciferase activity: IC50=27.8 nM; ATP inhibition: IC50=24.7 nM). HP590 shows anti-proliferative activity to gastric cancer cells and induces apoptosis.
    HP590
  • HY-15003
    ATH686
    		Inducer 99.54%
    ATH686 is a potent, selective and ATP-competitive FLT3 inhibitor. ATH686 target mutant FLT3 protein kinase activity and inhibit the proliferation of cells harboring FLT3 mutants via induction of apoptosis and cell cycle inhibition. ATH686 has antileukemic effects.
    ATH686
  • HY-B0015R
    Paclitaxel (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Paclitaxel (Standard) is the analytical standard of Paclitaxel. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Paclitaxel is a naturally occurring antineoplastic agent and stabilizes tubulin polymerization. Paclitaxel can cause both mitotic arrest and apoptotic cell death. Paclitaxel also induces autophagy.
    Paclitaxel (Standard)
  • HY-137432
    Avotaciclib
    		Inducer 99.72%
    Avotaciclib (BEY1107) is an orally active cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) inhibitor. Avotaciclib can inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of tumor cells. Avotaciclib can be used in the research of cancer such as pancreatic cancer and lung cancer.
    Avotaciclib
  • HY-130122
    MG-277
    		Inducer 98.66%
    MG-277, a molecular glue degrader, effectively induces degradation of a translation termination factor based on Cereblon E3 ligand, GSPT1, with a DC50 of 1.3 nM. MG-277 potently inhibits tumor cell growth in a p53-independent manner, with IC50s of 3.5 nM for RS4;11 cells and 3.4 nM for p53 mutant RS4;11/IRMI-2 cells, respectively. Anticancer activity.
    MG-277
  • HY-N0106
    (Rac)-Salvianic acid A sodium
    		Inhibitor ≥98.0%
    (Rac)-Salvianic acid A sodium is the racemic form of Salvianic acid A (HY-N1913). Salvianic acid A is an orally active phenolic compound that induces Nrf2/HO-1 activation and inhibits the NF-κB pathway, and it also activates the mitochondrial antioxidant defense system (Mitochondrial Metabolism). Salvianic acid A exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic properties (Apoptosis), demonstrating potential for research into inflammation and cardiovascular diseases.
    (Rac)-Salvianic acid A sodium
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity