2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Related Products

PDF 16.38 MB

Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-15003
    ATH686
    		Inducer 99.54%
    ATH686 is a potent, selective and ATP-competitive FLT3 inhibitor. ATH686 target mutant FLT3 protein kinase activity and inhibit the proliferation of cells harboring FLT3 mutants via induction of apoptosis and cell cycle inhibition. ATH686 has antileukemic effects.
    ATH686
  • HY-W014589
    2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol
    		99.97%
    2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol (2,4-DTBP) is an orally active RXRα activator and a human estrogen receptor ligand with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, which can induce apoptosis in tumor cells. 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol can activate the RXRα subtype in LXRα/RXRα, PPARγ/RXRα, and hormone receptor β/RXRα. 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol also has antiviral and antifungal activities and has the potential to inhibit Aβ-induced neurotoxicity. 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol can be used as an intermediate in the preparation of antioxidants and UV stabilizers, and is also used in the manufacture of drugs and fragrances.
    2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol
  • HY-16361A
    Omigapil maleate
    		Inhibitor 99.84%
    Omigapil maleate, an orally bioavailable GAPDH nitrosylation inhibitor, abrogates Aβ1-42-induced tau acetylation, memory impairment, and locomotor dysfunction in mice. Omigapil maleate has the potential for the research of Alzheimer's disease. Omigapil maleate (CGP3446B maleate) is a apoptosis inhibitor. Omigapil maleate can be used for the research of congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD). Omigapil (maleate) is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
    Omigapil maleate
  • HY-N0107
    Cyclovirobuxine D
    		Inducer 99.70%
    Cyclovirobuxine D (CVB-D) is the main active component of the traditional Chinese medicine Buxus microphylla. Cyclovirobuxine D induces autophagy and attenuates the phosphorylation of Akt and mTOR. Cyclovirobuxine D inhibits cell proliferation of gastric cancer cells through suppression of cell cycle progression and inducement of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. Cyclovirobuxine D is beneficial for heart failure induced by myocardial infarction.
    Cyclovirobuxine D
  • HY-N1428R
    Citric acid (standard)
    		Inducer
    Citric acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Citric acid (HY-N1428). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Citric acid is a natural preservative and food tartness enhancer. Citric acid induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and S phase in HaCaT cells. Citric acid cause oxidative damage of the liver by means of the decrease of antioxidative enzyme activities. Citric acid is also an acidulant, emulsifier, sequestrant and buffering agent widely used across many industries.
    Citric acid (standard)
  • HY-N8441
    Neriifolin
    		Inhibitor 99.70%
    Neriifolin, a CNS-penetrating cardiac glycoside, is an inhibitor of the Na+, K+-ATPase. Neriifolin can target beclin 1, inhibits the formation of LC3-associated phagosomes and ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) development. Neriifolin induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells[2.
    Neriifolin
  • HY-N0148R
    Rutin (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Rutin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Rutin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Rutin (Rutoside) is a flavonoid found in many plants and shows a wide range of biological activities including anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antioxidant, neuroprotective, nephroprotective, hepatoprotective and reducing Aβ oligomer activities. Rutin is also a CBR1 inhibitor, which can cross the blood brain barrier. Rutin attenuates vancomycin-induced renal tubular cell apoptosis via suppression of apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress.
    Rutin (Standard)
  • HY-109169C
    Bomedemstat dihydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.55%
    Bomedemstat (IMG-7289) dihydrochloride is an orally active and irreversible lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) inhibitor. Bomedemstat dihydrochloride can increase H3K4 and H3K9 methylation, and then alter gene expression. Bomedemstat dihydrochloride shows anti-cancer activities, inhibits cancer cell proliferation and induces apoptosis.
    Bomedemstat dihydrochloride
  • HY-17412A
    Minocycline
    		Modulator 98.59%
    Minocycline is an orally active, potent and BBB-penetrated semi-synthetic tetracycline antibiotic. Minocycline is a hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α inhibitor. Minocycline shows anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and glutamate antagonist effects. Minocycline reduces glutamate neurotransmission and shows neuroprotective properties and antidepressant effects. Minocycline inhibits bacterial protein synthesis through binding with the 30S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, resulting in a bacteriostatic effect.
    Minocycline
  • HY-125834
    GMB-475
    		Inducer 98.69%
    GMB-475 is a potent BCR-ABL1 PROTAC based on Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL). GMB-475 targets the nutmeg pocket of ABL1 in an ectopic manner and degrades BCR-ABL1 protein through the ubiquitin proteasome pathway. GMB-475 inhibits the proliferation of human K562 cells and mouse Ba/F3 cells, and is used for the study of chronic myeloid leukemia. (Blue: VHL ligand (HY-125845); Black: Linker; Pink: BCR-ABL1 ligand (HY-11007)).
    GMB-475
  • HY-17602
    Amcasertib
    		Inducer 98.03%
    Amcasertib (BBI503) is an orally activate cancer stemness kinase inhibitor that enhances apoptosis. Amcasertib inhibits the expression of NANOG and CD133 and cell viability in PC-9/GR cells.
    Amcasertib
  • HY-157562
    DS68591889
    		Inducer 99.18%
    DS68591889 is a selective and orally active phosphatidylserine synthase 1 (PTDSS1) inhibitor. DS68591889 has no inhibitory activity against PTDSS2. DS68591889 induces the phospholipid imbalance in a wide range of cancer cells. DS68591889 negatively regulates B cell receptor (BCR)-induced Ca2+ signaling and subsequent apoptotic cell death. DS68591889 can be used for the cancer research, such as B cell lymphoma.
    DS68591889
  • HY-10410
    TG101209
    		Inducer 98.81%
    TG101209 is a selective JAK2 inhibitor with IC50 of 6 nM, less potent to Flt3 and RET with IC50 of 25 nM and 17 nM, appr 30-fold selective for JAK2 than JAK3, and sensitive to JAK2V617F and MPLW515L/K mutations.
    TG101209
  • HY-19322B
    PIM-447 dihydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.94%
    PIM447 dihydrochloride (LGH447 dihydrochloride) is a potent, orally available, and selective pan-PIM kinase inhibitor, with Ki values of 6, 18, and 9 pM for PIM1, PIM2, and PIM3, respectively. PIM447 dihydrochloride displays dual antimyeloma and bone-protective effects. PIM447 dihydrochloride induces apoptosis.
    PIM-447 dihydrochloride
  • HY-112299
    Zipalertinib
    		Inducer 99.62%
    Zipalertinib (TAS6417; CLN-081) is a highly effective, orally active and pan-mutation-selective EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor with a unique scaffold fitting into the ATP-binding site of the EGFR hinge region, with IC50 values ranging from 1.1-8.0 nM.
    Zipalertinib
  • HY-13432
    Nanatinostat
    		Inducer 99.67%
    Nanatinostat (CHR-3996) is a potent, class I selective and orally active HDAC inhibitor with IC50s of 3 nM, 4 nM, and 7 nM for HDAC1, HDAC2, and HDAC3, respectively. Nanatinostat has low activity against HDAC5 (IC50 of 200 nM) and HDAC6 (IC50 of 2100 nM). Nanatinostat induces apoptosis in myeloma cells. Nanatinostat has potent anticancer effects, such as myeloma, advanced solid tumours and colorectal cancer.
    Nanatinostat
  • HY-B0612
    Lercanidipine
    		Inhibitor 99.65%
    Lercanidipine is a third-generation, lipophilic, brain-penetrant, vascular-selective and orally active dihydropyridine-calcium channel blocker with a pIC50 of 7.74 (converts from μM). Lercanidipine has long lasting antihypertensive action as well as reno- and neuro-protective effect. Lercanidipine also shows anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties. Lercanidipine can be used in cardiovascular and neurological research.
    Lercanidipine
  • HY-16938S1
    5'-Methylthioadenosine-d3
    		99.90%
    5'-Methylthioadenosine-d3 is the deuterium labeled 5'-Methylthioadenosine. 5'-Methylthioadenosine (5'-(Methylthio)-5'-deoxyadenosine) is a nucleoside generated from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) during polyamine synthesis. 5'-Methylthioadenosine suppresses tumors by inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, invasion, and the induction of apoptosis while controlling the inflammatory micro-environments of tumor tissue. 5'-Methylthioadenosine and its associated materials have striking regulatory effects on tumorigenesis.
    5'-Methylthioadenosine-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-126222A
    MitoTam iodide, hydriodide
    		Activator 98.83%
    MitoTam iodide, hydriodide is a Tamoxifen derivative, an electron transport chain (ETC) inhibitor, spreduces mitochondrial membrane potential in senescent cells and affects mitochondrial morphology. MitoTam iodide, hydriodide is an effective anticancer agent, suppresses respiratory complexes (CI-respiration) and disrupts respiratory supercomplexes (SCs) formation in breast cancer cells. MitoTam iodide, hydriodide causes apoptosis.
    MitoTam iodide, hydriodide
  • HY-108638
    NSC 146109 hydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.60%
    NSC 146109 hydrochloride is a small-molecule p53 activator that target MDMX and can be used for breast cancer research. NSC 146109 hydrochloride is a pseudourea derivative, promotes breast cancer cells to undergo apoptosis through activating p53 and inducing expression of proapoptotic genes.
    NSC 146109 hydrochloride
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity