2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-137977
    DMU-212
    		Inducer 99.74%
    DMU-212 is a methylated derivative of Resveratrol (HY-16561), with antimitotic, anti-proliferative, antioxidant and apoptosis promoting activities. DMU-212 induces mitotic arrest via induction of apoptosis and activation of ERK1/2 protein. DMU-212 has orally active.
    DMU-212
  • HY-15673
    KP372-1
    		Inducer 99.75%
    KP372-1 is an Akt inhibitor that inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis and anoikis. KP372-1 is also an NQO1 redox cycling agent that causes DNA damage (including DNA breakage) by generating ROS. KP372-1 can be used in cancer research (such as head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and pancreatic cancer).
    KP372-1
  • HY-N7071A
    Maduramicin ammonium
    		Inducer 99.89%
    Maduramicin ammonium (Maduramycin ammonium) is isolated from the actinomycete Actinomadura rubra. Maduramicin ammonium (Maduramycin ammonium) is an anticoccidial agent for the the treatment of Eimeria spp., E. adenoeides, E. gallopavonis, and E. dispersa infection. Maduramicin ammonium (Maduramycin ammonium) induces cell apoptosis in chicken myocardial cells via intrinsic and extrinsic pathways.
    Maduramicin ammonium
  • HY-N1431
    Tabersonine
    		Inducer 98.14%
    Tabersonine is a selective, orally active NLRP3 inhibitor. Tabersonine directly binds to the NACHT domain of NLRP3, inhibiting its ATPase activity and oligomerization, thereby blocking ASC spot formation and caspase-1 activation, and reducing the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β. Tabersonine also inhibits K63-linked ubiquitination of TRAF6, blocking NF-κB, PI3K/Akt, and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. Tabersonine can inhibit inflammatory responses, induce apoptosis of liver cancer cells through mitochondrial pathways and death receptor pathways, reduce mitochondrial membrane potential, promote cytochrome c release, and activate caspase proteins. Tabersonine is mainly used in the study of NLRP3-driven inflammatory diseases (such as acute lung injury, sepsis, peritonitis) and tumors such as liver cancer.
    Tabersonine
  • HY-B1508
    Vitamin K4
    		Inducer 99.92%
    Vitamin K4 is a chemically synthesized Vitamin K which plays an important role in the normal blood coagulation system. Vitamin K4 arrests the cells in S phase and induces apoptosis. Vitamin K4 can be used for the research of cancer, such as prostate cancer and osteosarcoma.
    Vitamin K4
  • HY-P1380A
    Difopein TFA
    		Inducer
    Difopein TFA, a specific and competitive inhibitor of 14-3-3 protein (a highly conserved eukaryotic regulatory molecule), blocking the ability of 14-3-3 to bind to target proteins and inhibits 14-3-3/Ligand interactions. Difopein TFA is not cell permeable. Difopein TFA leads to induction of apoptosis and enhances the ability of Cisplatin (HY-17394) to kill cells.
    Difopein TFA
  • HY-148422
    Rohinitib
    		Inducer 99.40%
    Rohinitib is a potent and specific eIF4A inhibitor. Rohinitib induces cell apoptosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines and reduces the leukemia burden of AML xenograft model. Rohinitib can be used for the research of AML.
    Rohinitib
  • HY-P10004
    Z-Ala-Ala-Asp-CMK
    		Modulator 98.14%
    Z-Ala-Ala-Asp-CMK (Z-AAD-CMK) is a selective granzyme B inhibitor. By binding to the active site of granzyme B, Z-Ala-Ala-Asp-CMK blocks its proteolytic function. Z-Ala-Ala-Asp-CMK has anti-inflammatory activity and can be used in the research of inflammatory diseases and cancer.
    Z-Ala-Ala-Asp-CMK
  • HY-50714
    Quiflapon sodium
    		Inducer 99.64%
    Quiflapon sodium (MK-591 sodium) is a selective and specific 5-Lipoxygenase-activating protein (FLAP) inhibitor. Quiflapon sodium is an orally active Leukotriene biosynthesis inhibitor. Induces apoptosis.
    Quiflapon sodium
  • HY-B1336
    Furazolidone
    		Inducer 99.87%
    Furazolidone is a monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor with antiproliferative, apoptosis-inducing and differentiation-promoting activities. Furazolidone may inhibit leukemia fusion protein-mediated bone marrow transformation by upregulating the stability of the tumor suppressor protein p53. Furazolidone exhibits anti-leukemic activity in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines and can be used for anti-AML research[2].
    Furazolidone
  • HY-111163
    NSC49652
    		Inducer 98.74%
    NSC49652 is a reversible, orally active p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR, also known as NGFR, TNFRSF16, and CD271) agonist. NSC49652 targets the transmembrane domain of p75NTR. NSC49652 induces apoptosis and affects the viability of melanoma cells.
    NSC49652
  • HY-126437
    Poly-L-lysine hydrobromide (MW 30000-70000)
    		Activator
    Poly-L-lysine hydrobromide (MW 30000-70000) is a water-soluble synthetic polypeptide. Poly-L-lysine hydrobromide (MW 30000-70000) downregulates Bcl-2 and upregulates Bax and p53 proteins. Poly-L-lysine hydrobromide (MW 30000-70000) promotes Apoptosis and reduces VEGF expression. Poly-L-lysine hydrobromide (MW 30000-70000) shows anticancer activity against a variety of tumors. Poly-L-lysine hydrobromide (MW 30000-70000) can also be used as a coating material.
    Poly-L-lysine hydrobromide (MW 30000-70000)
  • HY-103645
    GW779439X
    		Activator 99.85%
    GW779439X is a pyrazolopyridazine identified in an inhibitor of the S. aureus PASTA kinase Stk1. GW779439X potentiates the activity of β-lactam antibiotics against various MRSA and MSSA isolates, some even crossing the breakpoint from resistant to sensitive. GW779439X is an AURKA inhibitor and induces apoptosis by the caspases 3/7 pathway. MRSA:methicillin-resistant S. aureus; MSSA: methicillin-sensitive S. aureus
    GW779439X
  • HY-107426
    Verrucarin A
    		Activator 99.89%
    Verrucarin A (Muconomycin A), a Type D macrocyclic mycotoxin derived from the pathogen fungus Myrothecium verrucaria, is an inhibitor of protein synthesis. Verrucarin A inhibits growth of leukemia cell lines and activates caspases and apoptosis and inflammatory signaling in macrophages. Verrucarin A effectively increased the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and diminished the phosphorylation of ERK/Akt. Verrucarin A caused cell cycle deregulation through the induction of p21 and p53.
    Verrucarin A
  • HY-112671
    CDDO-dhTFEA
    		Inhibitor 99.71%
    CDDO-dhTFEA (RTA dh404) is a synthetic oleanane triterpenoid compound which potently activates Nrf2 and inhibits the pro-inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB. CDDO-dhTFEA restores hypertension (MAP), increases Nrf2 and expression of its target genes, attenuates activation of NF-κB and transforming growth factor-β pathways, and reduces glomerulosclerosis, interstitial fibrosis and inflammation in the chronic kidney disease (CKD) rats.
    CDDO-dhTFEA
  • HY-N6258
    Kahweol
    		Inducer ≥99.0%
    Kahweol is one of the consituents of the coffee from Coffea Arabica with anti-inflammatory anti-angiogenic, and anti-cancerous activities. Kahweol inhibits adipogenesis and increase glucose uptake by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation. Kahweol induces apoptosis.
    Kahweol
  • HY-B0661A
    Tamsulosin hydrochloride
    		Activator 99.81%
    Tamsulosin hydrochloride ((R)-(-)-YM12617 free base) is an orally active antagonist of α1-adrenergic receptor. Tamsulosin hydrochloride induces Apoptosis. Tamsulosin hydrochloride is used for the research of prostatic hyperplasia. Tamsulosin hydrochloride attenuates abdominal aortic aneurysm growth and inhibits inflammation in animal models.
    Tamsulosin hydrochloride
  • HY-14399
    Itanapraced
    		Inhibitor 99.37%
    Itanapraced (CHF5074) is an orally active γ-secretase modulator and a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory derivative. Itanapraced reduces Aβ42 and Aβ40 secretion with IC50 values of 3.6 and 18.4 μM, respectively. Itanapraced inhibits cell apoptosis of hippocampal neurons induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD). Itanapraced can be used for the research of Alzheimer's disease.
    Itanapraced
  • HY-121705
    Propionyl-L-carnitine
    		Activator
    Propionyl-L-carnitine is an orally active L-carnitine derivative. Propionyl-L-carnitine has a high affinity for muscle L-carnitine transferase. Propionyl-L-carnitine increases Apoptosis, Bax, and reduces NF-κB, VCAM-1, MCP-1, and survivin. Propionyl-L-carnitine activates Src kinase, Akt, induces p-AMPK and nitric oxide synthesis. Propionyl-L-carnitine alleviates cardiovascular disease, obesity, and colitis.
    Propionyl-L-carnitine
  • HY-12333
    Denfivontinib
    		Inducer ≥98.0%
    Denfivontinib (G-749) is a potent, oral active and ATP competitive FLT3 inhibitor, with IC50s of 0.4 nM and 0.6 nM for FLT3 wild type and FLT3-D835Y, respectively. Denfivontinib can be used for the research of agent resistance for acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
    Denfivontinib
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity