2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-18200
    Atopaxar
    		Inducer 99.87%
    Atopaxar (E5555) is a potent, orally active, selective and reversible thrombin receptor protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) antagonist. Atopaxar, an antiplatelet agent, interferes with platelet signaling. Atopaxar can be used for the research of atherothrombotic disease.
    Atopaxar
  • HY-139109
    IR-783
    		Inducer 99.87%
    IR-783 (ADS 780WS) is a near-infrared (NIR) heptamethine cyanine fluorescent probe. IR-783 significantly inhibits tumour growth and induces apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 xenograft model. IR-783 can be used to study breast cancer.
    IR-783
  • HY-114118B
    Semaglutide acetate
    		Inhibitor 99.59%
    Semaglutide acetate is a long-acting, selective, competitive, orally active GLP-1R agonist that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. After activating GLP-1R, Semaglutide acetate promotes insulin secretion, inhibits gastric emptying and appetite, and at the same time enhances autophagy, inhibits oxidative stress and apoptosis. Semaglutide acetate also regulates mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism (such as reducing de novo lipogenesis in the liver). Semaglutide acetate has activities such as lowering blood sugar, reducing weight, neuroprotection (such as improving motor function in Parkinson's disease models, reducing α-synuclein aggregation) and improving hepatic steatosis. Semaglutide acetate can be used for the study of neurodegenerative diseases and liver diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, Parkinson's disease, metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MASLD), and cancer.
    Semaglutide acetate
  • HY-123386
    Yakuchinone A
    		Inducer 98.84%
    Yakuchinone A is a natural product isolated from the fruit of Alpinia oxyphylla, which can induce apoptosis and has anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities.
    Yakuchinone A
  • HY-N4084
    Thonningianin A
    		Inducer 99.73%
    Thonningianin A, an ellagitannin, is isolated from the methanolic extract of the African medicinal herb, Thonningia sanguinea. The antioxidant properties of Th A involve radical scavenging, anti-superoxide formation and metal chelation. Anti-cancer activities.
    Thonningianin A
  • HY-W016412
    Coenzyme Q0
    		Inducer 99.88%
    Coenzyme Q0 (CoQ0) is a potent, oral active ubiquinone compound can be derived from Antrodia cinnamomea. Coenzyme Q0 induces apoptosis and autophagy, suppresses of HER-2/AKT/mTOR signaling to potentiate the apoptosis and autophagy mechanisms. Coenzyme Q0 regulates NFκB/AP-1 activation and enhances Nrf2 stabilization in attenuation of inflammation and redox imbalance. Coenzyme Q0 has anti-angiogenic activity through downregulation of MMP-9/NF-κB and upregulation of HO-1 signaling.
    Coenzyme Q0
  • HY-W012788
    Maltol
    		Inhibitor ≥98.0%
    Maltol, a type of aromatic compound, is an antioxidant agent. Maltol enhances neural function by mitigating oxidative stress and cell apoptosis. Maltol is an inhibitor of oxidative damage in nerve cells and is effective in preventing diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Maltol is used extensively as a safe flavoring agent and food preservative. Maltol is a metal ion chelator that can be used in the field of catalysis, cosmetics, and medicine.
    Maltol
  • HY-N3308
    Medicarpin
    		Inducer 99.70%
    Medicarpin is a flavonoid isolated from Medicago sativa. Medicarpin induces apoptosis and overcome multidrug resistance in leukemia P388 cells by modulating P-gp-mediated efflux of agents.
    Medicarpin
  • HY-137295
    Ingenol 3,20-dibenzoate
    		Inducer 99.96%
    Ingenol 3,20-dibenzoate is a potent protein kinase C (PKC) isoform-selective agonist. Ingenol 3,20-dibenzoate induces selective translocation of nPKC-delta, -epsilon, and -theta and PKC-mu from the cytosolic fraction to the particulate fraction and induces morphologically typical apoptosis through de novo synthesis of macromolecules. Ingenol 3,20-dibenzoate increases the IFN-γ production and degranulation by NK cells, especially when NK cells are stimulated by NSCLC cells.
    Ingenol 3,20-dibenzoate
  • HY-B1946
    Dimethoate
    		Inducer 99.91%
    Dimethoate is an organophosphate insecticide and acaricide. Dimethoate is an orally active acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. Dimethoate induces reactive oxygen species (ROS). Dimethoate induces DNA damage and cell apoptosis in vivo. Dimethoate affect immune system in mice.
    Dimethoate
  • HY-N0926A
    Columbamine chloride
    		Inducer 98.63%
    Columbamine (Columbamin; Dehydroisocorypalmine) chloride is an organic heterotetracyclic alkaloid extracted from plants. Columbamine chloride is a metabolite of Berberine (HY-N0716). Columbamine chloride inhibits the cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoform CYP3A4 (IC50 = 30.6 µM). Columbamine chloride induces apoptosis in cancer cells. Columbamine chloride can be used for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antifungal, antiparasite, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic study.
    Columbamine chloride
  • HY-121323
    Erucin
    		Inducer 98.93%
    Erucin (ERU) is an isothiocyanate particularly abundant in arugula. Erucin shows anticancer, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory activities.
    Erucin
  • HY-N7106
    Dimethyl phthalate
    		Inducer 99.95%
    Dimethyl phthalate (DMP) can be used as a plasticizer to impart flexibility to rigid polyvinyl chloride (PVC) resin. Additionally, Dimethyl phthalate is an oral active endocrine disruptor that can cause ovarian dysfunction in mice. Dimethyl phthalate can also induce oxidative stress and apoptosis in cells, thereby affecting blood and red blood cell function in rats.
    Dimethyl phthalate
  • HY-P99934
    Eftozanermin alfa
    		Inducer
    Eftozanermin alfa (ABBV-621) is a second-generation tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor (TRAIL-R) agonist. Eftozanermin alfa induces apoptosis in tumor cells by activation of death receptors 4/5. Eftozanermin alfa can be used for the research of multiple solid and heme malignancies.
    Eftozanermin alfa
  • HY-N2575
    Hypocrellin A
    		Inducer 99.73%
    Hypocrellin A is a PKC inhibitor that exerts antidiabetic activity by reversing the effects of high glucose on endothelin (ET-1) expression. Hypocrellin A is also a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy (PDT) with anticancer, antibacterial and antiviral activities, especially against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In addition, Hypocrellin-A also possesses anti-Leishmania activity (IC50=0.27 μg/ml).
    Hypocrellin A
  • HY-N2500
    Deoxypodophyllotoxin
    		Inducer 99.87%
    Deoxypodophyllotoxin (DPT), a derivative of podophyllotoxin, is a lignan with potent antimitotic, anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties isolated from Anthriscus sylvestris. Deoxypodophyllotoxin, targets the microtubule, has a major impact in oncology not only as anti-mitotics but also as potent inhibitors of angiogenesis. Deoxypodophyllotoxin induces cell autophagy and apoptosis. Deoxypodophyllotoxin evokes increase of intracellular Ca2+ concentrations in DRG neurons.
    Deoxypodophyllotoxin
  • HY-135691
    hnRNPK-IN-1
    		Inducer
    hnRNPK-IN-1 is a heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNPK) binding ligand with Kd values of 4.6 μM and 2.6 μM measured with SPR and MST, respectively. hnRNPK-IN-1 inhibits c-myc transcription by disrupting the binding of hnRNPK and c-myc promoter. hnRNPK-IN-1 induces Hela cells apoptosis and has strongly anti-tumor activities.
    hnRNPK-IN-1
  • HY-B0093A
    Benazepril hydrochloride
    		Inhibitor 99.96%
    Benazepril (CGS14824A) hydrochloride is an orally active angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor to reduce angiotensin-II production. Benazepril hydrochloride inhibits oxidative stress and inhibits apoptosis by the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. In addition, Benazepril hydrochloride improves diabetic nephropathy and decreases proteinuria. Benazepril hydrochloride can be used in the study of hypertension, heart failure and diabetic nephropathy.
    Benazepril hydrochloride
  • HY-146980
    GLUT4-IN-2
    		Inhibitor 99.90%
    GLUT4-IN-2 is a potent and selective GLUT4 inhibitor with IC50s of 11.4 µM and 6.8 µM for GLUT1 and GLUT4, respectively. GLUT4-IN-2 induces cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G0/G1phase. GLUT4-IN-2 shows potent antitumor activity.
    GLUT4-IN-2
  • HY-149007
    STAT3-IN-11
    		Inducer 98.30%
    STAT3-IN-11 (7a) is a selective STAT3 inhibitor that inhibits the phosphorylation of STAT3 at site pTyr705. STAT3-IN-11 inhibits the phosphorylation of downstream genes (Survivin and Mcl-1) without affecting its upstream tyrosine kinases (Src and JAK2) levels and p-STAT1 expression. STAT3-IN-11 can induce cancer cell apoptosis, which is potential for the discovery of effective STAT3 inhibitors and antitumor agents against cancers.
    STAT3-IN-11
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity