2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Related Products

PDF 16.38 MB

Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-13561
    AZM475271
    		Inducer 99.89%
    AZM475271 (M475271) is an orally active and selective Src kinase inhibitor. AZM475271 inhibits phosphorylation of c-Src kinase, Lck, c-yes (IC50s = 0.01, 0.03, 0.08 μM, respectively). AZM475271 induces apoptosis. AZM475271 reduces tumor cell proliferation and migration in vitro and in vivo, and reduces microvessel density (MVD). AZM475271 inhibits tumor growth and metastasis. AZM475271 sensitizes tumor cells to the cytotoxic effects of Gemcitabine (HY-17026).
    AZM475271
  • HY-121607
    INI-43
    		Inducer 99.92%
    INI-43 is an inhibitor of Kpnβ1, interfering with the nuclear localization of Kpnβ1 and known Kpnβ1 cargo proteins, NFAT, NFκB, AP-1, and NFY. INI-43 can inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells, cause G2-M cell cycle arrest in cancer cells, and induce the intrinsic apoptosis pathway.
    INI-43
  • HY-107430A
    Oxythiamine chloride hydrochloride
    		Inducer
    Oxythiamine (Hydroxythiamine) chloride hydrochloride, an analogue of anti-metabolite, can suppress the non-oxidative synthesis of ribose and induce cell apoptosis. Oxythiamine chloride hydrochloride is a thiamine antagonist and inhibits transketolase (TK). Oxythiamine chloride hydrochloride inhibits cancer cell apoptosis and inhibits cell proliferation.
    Oxythiamine chloride hydrochloride
  • HY-W010983
    SC-236
    		Inducer 99.56%
    SC-236 is an orally active COX-2 specific inhibitor (IC50 = 10 nM) and a PPARγ agonist. SC-236 suppresses activator protein-1 (AP-1) through c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase. SC-236 exerts anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing phosphorylation of ERK in a murine model.
    SC-236
  • HY-122778
    δ-Tocotrienol
    		Inducer 98.10%
    δ-Tocotrienol is a Vitamin E in vegetables, fruits, seeds, nuts, grains and oils. Vitamin E has become well known for its role as an antioxidant, in lowering cholesterol and other lipids, as a neuroprotective and anticancer agent, and in cardiovascular disease protection.
    δ-Tocotrienol
  • HY-N0831
    Jaceosidin
    		Inducer 99.51%
    Jaceosidin is a flavonoid isolated from Artemisia vestita, induces apoptosis in cancer cells, activates Bax and down-regulates Mcl-1 and c-FLIP expression. Jaceosidin exhibits anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory activities, decreases leves of inflammatory markers, and suppresses COX-2 expression and NF-κB activation.
    Jaceosidin
  • HY-N0110B
    Palmatine hydroxide
    		Modulator 99.64%
    Palmatine hydroxide is an orally active and irreversible indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO-1) inhibitor with IC50s of 3 μM and 157μM against HEK 293-hIDO-1 and rhIDO-1, respectively. Palmatine hydroxide can also inhibit West Nile virus (WNV) NS2B-NS3 protease in an uncompetitive manner with an IC50 of 96 μM. Palmatine hydroxide shows anti-cancer, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotection, antibacterial, anti-viral activities.
    Palmatine hydroxide
  • HY-W004284
    Heptadecanoic acid
    		Inducer ≥98.0%
    Heptadecanoic acid is an odd-chain saturated fatty acid (OCS-FA) with oral activity. Heptadecanoic acid can inhibit cell proliferation and induce Apoptosis. Heptadecanoic acid has antitumor activity. Heptadecanoic acid is associated with a number of diseases, including coronary heart disease, pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes, and multiple sclerosis.
    Heptadecanoic acid
  • HY-160799
    HA-9104
    		Inducer 98.06%
    HA-9104 is a potent and selective inhibitor of cullin-5 neddylation via virtually targeting the V30 pocket of UBE2F. HA-9104 binds to UBE2F, reduces its protein levels, and consequently inhibits cullin-5 neddylation. HA-9104 has potent growth suppression and radiosensitizing activities via targeting the UBE2F-CRL5 axis and causing DNA damage, leading to induction of apoptosis and G2/M arrest in lung and pancreatic cancer cells.
    HA-9104
  • HY-P3245A
    HXR9 hydrochloride
    		99.20%
    HXR9 hydrochloride is a cell-permeable peptide and a competitive antagonist of HOX/PBX interaction. HXR9 hydrochloride antagonizes the interaction between HOX and a second transcrip-tion factor (PBX), which binds to HOX proteins in paralogue groups1 to 8. HXR9 hydrochloride selectively decreases cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis in cells with a high level of expression of the HOXA/PBX3 genes, such as MLL-rearranged leukemic cells.
    HXR9 hydrochloride
  • HY-N0849
    Dictamine
    		Inducer 99.60%
    Dictamnine (Dictamine) exhibits cytotoxicity to human cervical and colon cancer cells and also has antibacterial and antifungal activities.
    Dictamine
  • HY-N0231
    Bavachalcone
    		Activator 99.95%
    Bavachalcone is a potent inducer of apoptosis. Bavachalcone exerts anticancer activity by promoting autophagy and apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Bavachalcone acts as an anti-neuroinflammatory and antidepressant through the NF-κB pathway. Bavachalcone inhibits osteoclasts by interfering with ERK and Akt signaling pathways and the expression of c-Fos and NFATc1. Bavachalcone exhibits a significant inhibitory effect on baculovirus-expressed BACE-1 in vitro.
    Bavachalcone
  • HY-B0172S
    Lithocholic acid-d4
    		Inducer 99.91%
    Lithocholic acid-d4 is the deuterium labeled Lithocholic acid, which is a toxic secondary bile acid[1].
    Lithocholic acid-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-B0849
    Azoxystrobin
    		Inducer 99.00%
    Azoxystrobin is an orally active, broad-spectrum β-methoxyacrylate fungicide. Azoxystrobin inhibits mitochondrial respiration by binding to the Qo site of the cytochrome bc1 complex and inhibiting electron transfer. Azoxystrobin induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induces cell apoptosis.
    Azoxystrobin
  • HY-N0819
    Raddeanin A
    		Inducer 98.55%
    Raddeanin A is a natural triterpenoid saponin component of Anemone raddeana, with anti-cancer activities. Raddeanin A exerts anticancer effect on human osteosarcoma via the ROS/JNK and NF-κB signal pathway.
    Raddeanin A
  • HY-101795
    Larixyl acetate
    		99.46%
    Larixyl acetate is a potent and selective TRPC6 inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.58 μM and 6.83 μM against hTRPC6-YFP and hTRPC3-YFP, respectively. Larixyl acetate prevents HPV and is effective in protecting against traumatic brain injury-induced systemic endothelial dysfunction.
    Larixyl acetate
  • HY-17503B
    Metoprolol tartrate
    		Inhibitor 99.98%
    Metoprolol tartrate is an orally active, selective β1-adrenoceptor antagonist. Metoprolol tartrate shows anti-inflammation, antitumor and anti-angiogenic properties.
    Metoprolol tartrate
  • HY-149979
    SLC7A11-IN-1
    		Inducer
    SLC7A11-IN-1 is a potent solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11, xCT) inhibitor. SLC7A11-IN-1 shows antiproliferative activity. SLC7A11-IN-1 inhibits cell invasion and metastasis. SLC7A11-IN-1 induces Apoptosis.html" class="link-product" target="_blank">Apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at S-phase. SLC7A11-IN-1 shows anti-tumor activity.
    SLC7A11-IN-1
  • HY-122611A
    CSRM617 hydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.97%
    CSRM617 hydrochloride is a selective small-molecule inhibitor of the transcription factor ONECUT2 (OC2, a master regulator of androgen receptor) with a Kd of 7.43 uM in SPR assays, binding to OC2-HOX domain directly. CSRM617 hydrochloride induces apoptosis by appearance of cleaved Caspase-3 and PARP. CSRM617 hydrochloride is well tolerated in the prostate cancer mouse model
    CSRM617 hydrochloride
  • HY-N2026
    Propylparaben
    		Inducer 99.74%
    Propylparaben (Propyl parahydroxybenzoate) is an antibacterial preservative that can be produced by plants and bacteria. Propylparaben is commonly used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and foods. Propylparaben disrupts follicular growth and steroidogenic function by altering cell cycle, apoptosis and steroidogenic pathways. Propylparaben also reduced sperm count and motility in rats.
    Propylparaben
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity