2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-18629
    SU9516
    		Inducer 99.85%
    SU9516 is a potent CDK2 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 22 nM, and also shows inhibitory effects on CDK1 and CDK4, with IC50s of 40, 200 nM, respectively.
    SU9516
  • HY-N0007
    (E,E)-Bisdemethoxycurcumin
    		Inducer 98.0%
    (E,E)-Bisdemethoxycurcumin ((E,E)-Curcumin III) is a curcumin derivative with anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities.
    (E,E)-Bisdemethoxycurcumin
  • HY-B0294
    Flubendazole
    		Inducer 99.05%
    Flubendazole is an anthelmintic drug based on altering microtubule structure, inhibition of tubulin polymerization and disruption of microtubule function. Flubendazole induces apoptosis in human colorectal cancer (CRC) by blocking the STAT3 signaling axis and activation of autophagy. Flubendazole induces P53 expression and reduced Cyclin B1 and p-cdc2 expression. Flubendazole is an antitumor agent. Flubendazole can be used for worm and intestinal parasites.
    Flubendazole
  • HY-100602
    HJC0152
    		Inducer 99.75%
    HJC0152 is a signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) inhibitor.
    HJC0152
  • HY-126034
    3,4-Dichloroisocoumarin
    		Activator 99.72%
    3,4-Dichloroisocoumarin is a potent serine-protease and SrLip inhibitor (Ki for SrLip: 26.6 μM). 3,4-Dichloroisocoumarin is opened by serine proteases and then undergoes acylation with the enzyme, thereby inhibiting protease activity. 3,4-Dichloroisocoumarin can induce DNA fragmentation and Apoptosis. 3,4-Dichloroisocoumarin can be used in the research of multiple fields such as tumors, cardiovascular disease and enzyme catalytic mechanisms.
    3,4-Dichloroisocoumarin
  • HY-N0718
    Valepotriate
    		Inducer 99.93%
    Valepotriate can be isolated from Valeriana jatamansi Jones, has anti-epileptic and anti-cancer activities.
    Valepotriate
  • HY-17387
    (-)-Huperzine A
    		Inducer 99.74%
    (-)-Huperzine A (Huperzine A) is an alkaloid isolated from Huperzia serrata, with neuroprotective activity. (-)-Huperzine A is a potent, highly specific, reversible and blood-brain barrier penetrant inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), with an IC50 of 82 nM. (-)-Huperzine A also is non-competitive antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate (NMDA) receptor. (-)-Huperzine A is developed for the research of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease.
    (-)-Huperzine A
  • HY-107916
    Thyrotropin
    		Inhibitor
    Thyrotropin (TSH, Pretiron) is a thyroid-stimulating hormone produced by thyrotrope cells in the anterior pituitary gland. Thyrotropin regulates the endocrine function of the thyroid. Thyrotropin induces transcriptional regulation of TH-gatekeeper genes in tanycytes through the Tshr/Gαq/PKC pathway. Thyrotropin prevents Apoptosis. Thyrotropin has an association of low levels with increased bone remodeling, reduced bone mass and a high fracture risk in mice. Thyrotropin is promising for research of skeletal remodeling, hyperthyroidism.
    Thyrotropin
  • HY-N0212
    Peimine
    		Inducer 99.43%
    Peimine (Verticine; Dihydroisoimperialine) is an orally active natural product. Peimine has anti-inflammatory, analgesic and cough relieving effects. Peimine can be used in cancer and inflammation related research.
    Peimine
  • HY-N6602
    α-Solanine
    		Inducer 99.89%
    α-solanine, a bioactive component and one of the major steroidal glycoalkaloids in Solanum nigrum, has been observed to inhibit growth and induce apoptosis in cancer cells.
    α-Solanine
  • HY-B0567
    Dequalinium Chloride
    		Inducer 99.72%
    Dequalinium chloride is an Apamin (HY-P0256)-sensitive potassium channel selective blocker. Dequalinium chloride is a cationic, lipophilic mitochondrial poison. Dequalinium chloride is also an antagonist pf α7 nAChR, and an anti-microbial antiseptic agent with a broad bactericidal and fungicidal activity.
    Dequalinium Chloride
  • HY-N0447
    8-Gingerol
    		Inducer 99.82%
    8-Gingerol can be found in the rhizome of ginger (Z. officinale) and has oral bioactivity. It activates TRPV1, with an EC50 value of 5.0 µM. 8-Gingerol inhibits COX-2 and also suppresses the growth of H. pylori in vitro. Additionally, 8-Gingerol exhibits anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and modulating its downstream STAT3/ERK pathway to suppress the proliferation, migration, and invasion of colorectal cancer cells. 8-Gingerol also exerts immunosuppressive effects by inhibiting oxidative stress, inducing cell cycle arrest, promoting apoptosis, and regulating autophagy. Furthermore, 8-Gingerol has cardioprotective effects. 8-Gingerol is promising for research in the fields of cancer, infection, immunosuppression, and cardiovascular diseases.
    8-Gingerol
  • HY-108932
    Gemcitabine monophosphate
    		Inducer 99.98%
    Gemcitabine monophosphate (Gemcitabine 5′-phosphate) is one of the active intermediates of Gemcitabine (HY-17026). Gemcitabine monophosphate has a synergistic anti-cancer effect and can be delivered by formulating it into nanoparticles.
    Gemcitabine monophosphate
  • HY-N0524
    Propyl gallate
    		Inducer 99.85%
    Propyl gallate is a common food antioxidant. Propyl gallate can inhibit the production of acrolein, glyoxal and methylglyoxal. Propyl gallate exhibits anti-inflammatory, antitumor and cardioprotective activities.
    Propyl gallate
  • HY-N0720
    Neobavaisoflavone
    		Inducer 99.92%
    Neobavaisoflavone, a flavonoid, is isolated from the seeds of Psoralea corylifolia. Neobavaisoflavone exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and anti-oxidation activities. Neobavaisoflavone inhibits DNA polymerase at moderate to high concentrations. Neobavaisoflavone also inhibits platelet aggregation.
    Neobavaisoflavone
  • HY-W008344
    2-Chloroadenosine
    		Activator 99.79%
    2-Chloroadenosine is an adenosine analog, a transporter permeabilizer of nucleoside transporters, and a competitive uridine influx inhibitor (apparent Ki=33 μM). 2-Chloroadenosine binds to nitrobenzylthioinosine with high affinity (apparent Ki=0.18 mM). 2-Chloroadenosine promotes Apoptosis and increases cerebral blood flow. 2-Chloroadenosine has anticonvulsant properties. 2-Chloroadenosine is used to study infection, inflammatory diseases, cancer, blood-related diseases, lung injury, epilepsy, and kidney disease.
    2-Chloroadenosine
  • HY-W592871
    10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid
    		Inducer 99.99%
    10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10-HDA) is an orally active unsaturated medium-chain fatty acid with various physiological activities. 10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid induces ROS-mediated apoptosis in A549 cells. 10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid inhibits VEGF-induced angiogenesis in human venous endothelial cells. 10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid alleviates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by activating the AMPK-α signaling pathway. 10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid protects against bone loss by inhibiting NF-κB signaling downstream of FFAR4. 10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid is an antibiotic against many bacteria and fungi, such as Neurospora sitophila, molds and Staphylococcus aureus. 10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid has longevity-promoting effects in C. elegans. 10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid prevents osteoarthritis by targeting aspartyl β hydroxylase and inhibiting chondrocyte senescence.
    10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid
  • HY-N0148A
    Rutin hydrate
    		Inhibitor 98.99%
    Rutin (Rutoside) hydrate is a flavonoid found in many plants and shows a wide range of biological activities including anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antioxidant, neuroprotective, nephroprotective, hepatoprotective and reducing Aβ oligomer activities. Rutin hydrate can cross the blood brain barrier. Rutin hydrate attenuates vancomycin-induced renal tubular cell apoptosis via suppression of apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress.
    Rutin hydrate
  • HY-110042
    CCT018159
    		Inducer 99.19%
    CCT018159, a 3,4-diaryl pyrazoleresorcinol, is a ATP-competitive HSP90 ATPase activity inhibitor with IC50s of 3.2 and 6.6 µM for human Hsp90β and yeast Hsp90, respectively. CCT018159 caused cell cytostasis associated with a G1 arrest and induces apoptosis. CCT018159 inhibits key endothelial and tumor cell functions implicated in invasion and angiogenesis.
    CCT018159
  • HY-155950
    TH9619
    		Inducer 99.33%
    TH9619 is a potent inhibitor of dehydrogenase and cyclohydrolase activities in both MTHFD1 and MTHFD2 with a IC50 value of 47 nM, and selectively kills cancer cells. TH9619 induces apoptosis by blocking the S phase. TH9619 has antitumor activity.
    TH9619
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity