2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N1346
    Robinin
    		Inducer 99.09%
    Robinin is a flavonoid that can be extracted from the leaves of purple cowpea, inhibiting TGF-β, TLR4/NF-κB and TLR2-PI3k-AKT signaling pathways. Robinin exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects. The combination of Robinin and Methotrexate (HY-14519) reduces inflammation in experimental arthritis, Robinin can decrease the Doxorubicin (HY-15142A) induced cardiac toxicity effect.
    Robinin
  • HY-B0657A
    Clodronic acid disodium salt
    		Inducer 99.80%
    Clodronic acid (Clodronate) disodium salt, a first-generation bisphosphonate, is orally active osteoclastic bone resorption inhibitor. Clodronic acid disodium salt can be used in high bone turnover states, Paget’s disease and osteolytic bone metastases.
    Clodronic acid disodium salt
  • HY-18340A
    (R)-CR8 trihydrochloride
    		Inducer 98.95%
    (R)-CR8 (CR8) trihydrochloride, a second-generation analog of Roscovitine, is a potent CDK1/2/5/7/9 inhibitor. (R)-CR8 trihydrochloride inhibits CDK1/cyclin B (IC50=0.09 μM), CDK2/cyclin A (0.072 μM), CDK2/cyclin E (0.041 μM), CDK5/p25 (0.11 μM), CDK7/cyclin H (1.1 μM), CDK9/cyclin T (0.18 μM) and CK1δ/ε (0.4 μM). (R)-CR8 trihydrochloride induces apoptosis and has neuroprotective effect. (R)-CR8 trihydrochloride acts as a molecular glue degrader that depletes cyclin K.
    (R)-CR8 trihydrochloride
  • HY-14674
    CP-724714
    		Inducer 98.72%
    CP-724714 is a potent, selective and orally active ErbB2 (HER2) tyrosine kinase inhibitor, with an IC50 of 10 nM. CP-724714 displays a marked selectivity against EGFR kinase (IC50=6400 nM). CP-724714 potently inhibits ErbB2 receptor autophosphorylation in intact cells. Antitumor activities.
    CP-724714
  • HY-138253
    2′,2′-Difluorodeoxyuridine
    		Inducer 99.87%
    2’,2’-Difluorodeoxyuridine (dFdU) is the main metabolite of Gemcitabine (HY-17026). 2’,2’-Difluorodeoxyuridine causes a concentration- and schedule- dependent radiosensitising effect in vitro. 2’,2’-Difluorodeoxyuridine arrests cell cycle at the early S phase and induces apoptosis in cancer cells.
    2′,2′-Difluorodeoxyuridine
  • HY-12866A
    Larotrectinib sulfate
    		Inducer 98.96%
    Larotrectinib sulfate (LOXO-101 sulfate; ARRY-470 sulfate) is an ATP-competitive oral, selective inhibitor of the tropomyosin-related kinase (TRK) family receptors, with low nanomolar 50% inhibitory concentrations against all three isoforms (TRKA, B, and C).
    Larotrectinib sulfate
  • HY-B0852
    Tebuconazole
    		Inducer 99.63%
    Tebuconazole is an agricultural azole fungicide which can also inhibit CYP51 with IC50s of 0.9 and 1.3 μM for Candida albicans CYP51 (CaCYP51) and truncated Homo sapiens CYP51 (Δ60HsCYP51), respectively. Tebuconazole induces lipid accumulation and oxidative stress in HepG2 Cells. Tebuconazole decreases MAC-T cells viability and proliferation, induces ER-stress-mediated apoptosis and increases oxidative stress levels in MAC-T cells.
    Tebuconazole
  • HY-123054
    BTSA1
    		Inducer 99.49%
    BTSA1 is a potent, high affinity and orally active BAX activator with an IC50 of 250 nM and an EC50 of 144 nM. BTSA1 binds with high affinity and specificity to the N-terminal activation site and induces conformational changes to BAX leading to BAX-mediated apoptosis.
    BTSA1
  • HY-13281
    PIK-75 hydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.72%
    PIK-75 hydrochloride is a reversible DNA-PK and p110α-selective inhibitor, which inhibits DNA-PK, p110α and p110γ with IC50s of 2, 5.8 and 76 nM, respectively. PIK-75 hydrochloride inhibits p110α >200-fold more potently than p110β (IC50=1.3 μM). PIK-75 hydrochloride induces apoptosis.
    PIK-75 hydrochloride
  • HY-100453
    HO-3867
    		Inducer 99.67%
    HO-3867 is a selective and potent STAT3 inhibitor and shows good antitumor activity.
    HO-3867
  • HY-13809
    BMS-833923
    		Inducer 99.82%
    BMS-833923 (XL-139) is an orally biocompatible Smoothened (Smo) inhibitor with anti-tumor activity. It can inhibit the binding of BODIPY cyclopamine to SMO in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 of 21 nM.
    BMS-833923
  • HY-12036
    GSK1059615
    		Inducer ≥99.0%
    GSK1059615 is a dual inhibitor of PI3Kα/β/δ/γ (reversible) and mTOR with IC50 of 0.4 nM/0.6 nM/2 nM/5 nM and 12 nM, respectively.
    GSK1059615
  • HY-P1007
    Z-VEID-FMK
    		Inhibitor
    Z-VEID-FMK (Z-VE(OMe)ID(OMe)-FMK) is a selective and irreversible caspase-6 peptide inhibitor. Z-VEID-FMK alleviates the drug-induced augmentation of caspase-6 activity, DNA fragmentation, and cell apoptosis.
    Z-VEID-FMK
  • HY-B0347
    Lacidipine
    		Inhibitor 99.79%
    Lacidipine is an orally active and highly selective L-type calcium channel blocker that acts on smooth muscle calcium channels, primarily dilates peripheral arteries, reduces peripheral resistance, and has long-lasting anti-hypertensive activity. Lacidipine protects HKCs from apoptosis induced by ATP depletion and recovery by modulating the caspase-3 pathway. Lacidipine can be used in studies of hypertension, atherosclerosis and acute kidney injury (AKI).
    Lacidipine
  • HY-10206
    Amuvatinib
    		Inducer 99.40%
    Amuvatinib (MP470) is an orally bioavailable multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor with potent activity against mutant c-Kit, PDGFRα, Flt3, c-Met and c-Ret. Amuvatinib (MP470) is also a DNA repair suppressor through suppression of DNA repair protein RAD51, thereby disrupting DNA damage repair. Antineoplastic activity.
    Amuvatinib
  • HY-148510
    HKB99
    		Inducer
    HKB99 is an allosteric inhibitor of phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (PGAM1). HKB99 induces apoptosis. HKB99 inhibits the formation of invasive pseudopodia and inhibits migration. HKB99 increases the oxidative stress, activates JNK/c-Jun and suppresses AKT and ERK. HKB99 can be used for the research of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
    HKB99
  • HY-13260
    CCT128930
    		Inducer 99.69%
    CCT128930 is a ATP-competitive and selective inhibitor of AKT (IC50=6 nM for AKT2). CCT128930 has 28-fold selectivity over the closely related PKA kinase (IC50=168 nM) through the targeting of Met282 of AKT (Met173 of PKA-AKT chimera), as well as 20-fold selectivity over p70S6K (IC50=120 nM). Antitumor activity.
    CCT128930
  • HY-N0006
    Demethoxycurcumin
    		Inducer ≥99.0%
    Demethoxycurcumin is one of the main active ingredients of curcumin, which has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-cancer and neuroprotective effects. Demethoxycurcumin is orally active. Demethoxycurcumin can be used in inflammation, cancer and Alzheimer's disease research.
    Demethoxycurcumin
  • HY-N10503
    Norartocarpetin
    		Inducer 99.28%
    Norartocarpetin is a tyrosinase inhibitor. Norartocarpetin has strong tyrosinase inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 0.47 μM. Norartocarpetin as an antibrowning agent can be used for the research of food systems. Norartocarpetin also has a significant anticancer activity in lung carcinoma cells (NCI-H460) with an IC50 value of 22 μM. Norartocarpetin has antiproliferative effects are mediated via targeting Ras/Raf/MAPK signalling pathway, mitochondrial mediated apoptosis, S-phase cell cycle arrest and suppression of cell migration and invasion in human lung carcinoma cells.
    Norartocarpetin
  • HY-N2369
    Chelidonine
    		Inducer 99.91%
    Chelidonine, an isoquinoline alkaloid, can be isolated from Chelidonium majus L.. Chelidonine causes G2/M arrest and induces caspase-dependent and caspase-independent apoptosis, and prevents cell cycle progression of stem cells in Dugesia japonica. Chelidonine has cytotoxic activity against melanoma cell lines. with anticancer and antiviral activity.
    Chelidonine
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity