2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-10108A
    LY294002 hydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.93%
    LY294002 hydrochloride is a potent and broad-spectrum PI3K inhibitor, with IC50 values of 0.5, 0.57, and 0.97 μM for P110α, P110δ and P110β, respectively. LY294002 hydrochloride also inhibits CK2 with an IC50 of 98 nM. LY294002 hydrochloride can be used for pancreatic cancer research.
    LY294002 hydrochloride
  • HY-15438
    SB 415286
    		Inducer 99.57%
    SB 415286 is a potent and selective cell permeable inhibitor of GSK-3α, with an IC50 of 77.5 nM, and a Ki of 30.75 nM; SB 415286 is equally effective at inhibiting human GSK-3α and GSK-3β.
    SB 415286
  • HY-10253
    AG1024
    		Inducer 98.86%
    AG1024 (Tyrphostin AG 1024) is a reversible, competitive and selective IGF-1R inhibitor with an IC50 of 7 μM. AG1024 inhibits phosphorylation of IR (IC50=57 μM). AG1024 induces apoptosis and has anti-cancer activity.
    AG1024
  • HY-N0007
    (E,E)-Bisdemethoxycurcumin
    		Inducer ≥98.0%
    (E,E)-Bisdemethoxycurcumin ((E,E)-Curcumin III) is a curcumin derivative with anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities.
    (E,E)-Bisdemethoxycurcumin
  • HY-B0294
    Flubendazole
    		Inducer 99.33%
    Flubendazole is an anthelmintic drug based on altering microtubule structure, inhibition of tubulin polymerization and disruption of microtubule function. Flubendazole induces apoptosis in human colorectal cancer (CRC) by blocking the STAT3 signaling axis and activation of autophagy. Flubendazole induces P53 expression and reduced Cyclin B1 and p-cdc2 expression. Flubendazole is an antitumor agent. Flubendazole can be used for worm and intestinal parasites.
    Flubendazole
  • HY-13265
    AR-42
    		Inducer 98.52%
    AR-42 (HDAC-42; OSU-HDAC42) is a potent, orally bioavailable pan-HDAC inhibitor (IC50=16 nM). AR-42 induces growth inhibition, cell-cycle arrest, apoptosis, and activation of caspases-3/7. AR-42 promotes hyperacetylation of H3, H4, and alpha-tubulin, and up-regulation of p21. AR-42 shows cytotoxicity against various human cancer cell lines.
    AR-42
  • HY-17583
    Griseofulvin
    		Inducer 98.93%
    Griseofulvin is an orally active antifungal antibiotic with antitumor activity. Griseofulvin induces apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest in cancer cells. Griseofulvin also has cardiovascular modulatory activity, reducing angina pectoris, relieving hand artery spasm associated with onychomycosis, and peripheral vascular diseases such as shoulder-hand syndrome.
    Griseofulvin
  • HY-P99264
    Inotuzumab
    		Inducer
    Inotuzumab (Humanized Anti-CD22 Recombinant Antibody) is a humanized IgG4, κ antibody that targets human CD22. Inotuzumab can be linked to a toxic agent ozogamicin as an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC). Inotuzumab can be used for the research of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
    Inotuzumab
  • HY-100602
    HJC0152
    		Inducer 99.76%
    HJC0152 is a signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) inhibitor.
    HJC0152
  • HY-126034
    3,4-Dichloroisocoumarin
    		Activator 99.72%
    3,4-Dichloroisocoumarin is a potent serine-protease and SrLip inhibitor (Ki for SrLip: 26.6 μM). 3,4-Dichloroisocoumarin is opened by serine proteases and then undergoes acylation with the enzyme, thereby inhibiting protease activity. 3,4-Dichloroisocoumarin can induce DNA fragmentation and Apoptosis. 3,4-Dichloroisocoumarin can be used in the research of multiple fields such as tumors, cardiovascular disease and enzyme catalytic mechanisms.
    3,4-Dichloroisocoumarin
  • HY-114118F
    Semaglutide, FITC labeled
    		Inhibitor
    Semaglutide, FITC labeled is a long-acting, selective, competitive, orally active GLP-1R agonist that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. After activating GLP-1R, Semaglutide, FITC labeled promotes insulin secretion, inhibits gastric emptying and appetite, and at the same time enhances autophagy, inhibits oxidative stress and apoptosis. Semaglutide, FITC labeled also regulates mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism (such as reducing de novo lipogenesis in the liver). Semaglutide, FITC labeled has activities such as lowering blood sugar, reducing weight, neuroprotection (such as improving motor function in Parkinson's disease models, reducing α-synuclein aggregation) and improving hepatic steatosis. Semaglutide, FITC labeled can be used for the study of neurodegenerative diseases and liver diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, Parkinson's disease, metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MASLD), and cancer.
    Semaglutide, FITC labeled
  • HY-131553
    D-α-Tocopherol Succinate
    		Inhibitor ≥98.0%
    D-α-Tocopherol Succinate (Vitamin E succinate) is an antioxidant tocopherol and a salt form of vitamin E. D-α-Tocopherol Succinate inhibits Cisplatin (HY-17394)-induced cytotoxicity. D-α-Tocopherol Succinate can be used for the research of cancer.
    D-α-Tocopherol Succinate
  • HY-N0656
    Usnic acid
    		Inducer 98.90%
    Usnic acid is a secondary metabolite of lichens with a unique dibenzofuran skeleton. Usnic acid inhibits DNA/RNA synthesis and has antibacterial activity. Usnic acid induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis and has anticancer activity. Usnic acid inhibits RANKL-mediated osteoclast formation and function by reducing the transcriptional and translational expression of NFATc1. Usnic acid has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting lipid peroxidation and myeloperoxidase.
    Usnic acid
  • HY-N0212
    Peimine
    		Inducer 99.43%
    Peimine (Verticine; Dihydroisoimperialine) is an orally active natural product. Peimine has anti-inflammatory, analgesic and cough relieving effects. Peimine can be used in cancer and inflammation related research.
    Peimine
  • HY-147328
    LCS3
    		Inducer 99.43%
    LCS3 is a reversible and uncompetitive glutathione disulfide reductase (GSR) and thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNRD1) inhibitor (IC50=3.3 µM and 3.8 µM, respectively). LCS3 shows anti-tumor activity, and induces apoptosis. LCS3 can be used in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) research.
    LCS3
  • HY-W040129
    Chromomycin A3
    		Inducer 99.66%
    Chromomycin A3 is an inhibitor that selectively binds to GC-rich DNA sequences. Chromomycin A3 targets the DNA minor groove after forming a dimer with Mg2+. Chromomycin A3 inhibits DNA replication and transcription, blocks the binding of Sp1 transcription factor to target gene promoters, downregulates the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins such as FLIP, Mcl-1, and XIAP, and induces S-phase cycle arrest and caspase-dependent apoptosis in tumor cells. Chromomycin A3 can antagonize oxidative stress induced by glutathione depletion and neuronal apoptosis induced by Camptothecin (HY-15660). Chromomycin A3 can be used in basic research on malignant tumors such as cholangiocarcinoma, and is a potential chemosensitizer and GC-rich region probe.
    Chromomycin A3
  • HY-18572
    2,4-D
    		Inducer 99.88%
    2,4-D (2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) is a selective herbicide that can be orally active for the control of broad-leaved weeds. 2,4-D can induce apoptosis. 2,4-D inhibits DNA and protein synthesis, thereby preventing normal plant growth and development.
    2,4-D
  • HY-N0532
    Morroniside
    		Inhibitor 99.94%
    Morroniside has neuroprotective effect by inhibiting neuron apoptosis and MMP2/9 expression.
    Morroniside
  • HY-B1360
    Chlorquinaldol
    		Inducer 98.69%
    Chlorquinaldol (Chloquinan) is an antibacterial agent with the potential use in topical skin conditions and vaginal infections. Chlorquinaldol is a β-catenin/TCF4 inhibitor, showing anti-proliferation, anti-migration, and apoptosis-inducing activity in cancer cells.
    Chlorquinaldol
  • HY-N0162R
    Luteolin (Standard)
    		Inducer 98.71%
    Luteolin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Luteolin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Luteolin (Luteoline), a flavanoid compound, is a potent Nrf2 inhibitor. Luteolin has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer properties, including the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, and the inhibition of metastasis and angiogenesis, in several cancer cell lines, including human non-small lung cancer cells.
    Luteolin (Standard)
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity