2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-10524
    GSK1904529A
    		Inducer 99.03%
    GSK1904529A is a potent, selective, orally active, and ATP-competitive inhibitor of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) and insulin receptor (IR), with IC50s of 27 and 25 nM, respectively. GSK1904529A shows poor activity (IC50>1 μM) in 45 other serine/threonine and tyrosine kinases. GSK1904529A exhibits anti-tumor activity.
    GSK1904529A
  • HY-128588
    STAT3-IN-3
    		Activator 98.40%
    STAT3-IN-3 is a potent and selective inhibitor of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), with anti-proliferative activity. STAT3-IN-3 induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells. STAT3-IN-3 acts as a promising mitochondria-targeting STAT3 inhibitor for cancer research.
    STAT3-IN-3
  • HY-N0368
    Linalool
    		Inducer 98.55%
    Linalool is a natural monoterpene which is a competitive NMDA receptor antagonist. Linalool is orally active and crosses the blood-brain barrier. Linalool has anticancer, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anxiolytic, antidepressant, anti-stress, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective and pulmonary protective activities.
    Linalool
  • HY-N0068
    Solasodine
    		Inducer 99.54%
    Solasodine (Purapuridine) is a steroidal alkaloid that occurs in plants of the Solanaceae family. Solasodine induces apoptosis by inhibiting the p53-MDM2 complex, p21Waf1/Cip1, and Bcl-2 proteins. Solasodine has neuroprotective, antifungal, hypotensive, anticancer, antiatherosclerotic, antiandrogenic and anti-inflammatory activities.
    Solasodine
  • HY-122550
    Artemisitene
    		Inducer 99.93%
    Artemisitene, a natural derivative of Artemisinin, is a Nrf2 activator with antioxidant and anticancer activities. Artemisitene activates Nrf2 by decreasing Nrf2 ubiquitination and increasing its stability.
    Artemisitene
  • HY-139297
    SCR130
    		Inducer 98.23%
    SCR130 is a SCR7-based DNA nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) inhibitor. SCR130 inhibits the end-joining of DNA in a Ligase IV-dependent manner. SCR130 is specific to Ligase IV, and shows minimal or no effect on Ligase III and Ligase I mediated joining. SCR130 induces cell apoptosis and has anticancer activity.
    SCR130
  • HY-15856B
    Flupentixol dihydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.73%
    Flupentixol is an orally active D1/D2 dopamine receptor antagonist and new PI3K inhibitor (PI3Kα IC50=127 nM). Flupentixol shows anti-proliferative activity to cancer cells and induces apoptosis. Flupentixol can also be used in schizophrenia, anxiolytic and depressive research.
    Flupentixol dihydrochloride
  • HY-158302
    Glutor
    		Activator ≥99.0%
    Glutor is a selective GLUT 1/2/3 inhibitor that can suppress glucose uptake. Glutor can inhibit glycolysis and has anti-tumor activity, inducing cell apoptosis.
    Glutor
  • HY-N2059
    Santalol
    		Inducer
    Santalol is a mixture of α and β-isomer santalol. α-Santalol is found in sandalwood oil. α-Santalol is a promising anti-cancer agent against cancers such as oral, breast, prostate and skin cancer. Santalol has sedative activity .
    Santalol
  • HY-W008344
    2-Chloroadenosine
    		Activator 99.79%
    2-Chloroadenosine is an adenosine analog, a transporter permeabilizer of nucleoside transporters, and a competitive uridine influx inhibitor (apparent Ki=33 μM). 2-Chloroadenosine binds to nitrobenzylthioinosine with high affinity (apparent Ki=0.18 mM). 2-Chloroadenosine promotes Apoptosis and increases cerebral blood flow. 2-Chloroadenosine has anticonvulsant properties. 2-Chloroadenosine is used to study infection, inflammatory diseases, cancer, blood-related diseases, lung injury, epilepsy, and kidney disease.
    2-Chloroadenosine
  • HY-W020050
    Cystamine dihydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.92%
    Cystamine (dihydrochloride) is the disulfide form of the free thiol, cysteamine. Cystamine is an orally active transglutaminase (Tgase) inhibitor. Cystamine also has inhibition activity for caspase-3 with an IC50 value of 23.6 μM. Cystamine can be used for the research of severals diseases including Huntington's disease (HD) .
    Cystamine dihydrochloride
  • HY-141687
    NSC 107512
    		Inducer 99.97%
    NSC 107512 is a potent inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9). NSC 107512 is a class of sangivamycin-like molecules (SLM). NSC 107512 inhibits growth and induces apoptosis of multiple myeloma tumors.
    NSC 107512
  • HY-A0059
    Nifuratel
    		Inducer 99.93%
    Nifuratel (NF 113) is an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic with antiprotozoal, antibacterial, anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities, and has good inhibitory effects on Candida and Trichomonas. Nifuratel is also a STAT3 inhibitor, which significantly inhibits the growth and proliferation of human gastric cancer cells and induces apoptosis. In addition, Nifuratel also inhibits mast cell-mediated antigen hypersensitivity reactions and can be used in the study of IgE-mediated allergic diseases.
    Nifuratel
  • HY-W050044
    L-Azetidine-2-carboxylic acid
    		Activator 99.85%
    L-Azetidine-2-carboxylic acid is a proline analog. L-Azetidine-2-carboxylic acid upregulates the lipid autophagy marker LC3-II via activation of the PERK pathway. L-Azetidine-2-carboxylic acid increases pro-apoptotic BAX protein. L-Azetidine-2-carboxylic acid induces ATF6 cleavage and upregulates phosphorylated eIF2α levels. L-Azetidine-2-carboxylic acid induces ER stress, inducing protein misfolding and aggregation. L-Azetidine-2-carboxylic acid shows teratogenic, pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic effects.
    L-Azetidine-2-carboxylic acid
  • HY-108552
    MG-115
    		Inducer 98.69%
    MG-115 is a potent and reversible proteasome inhibitor, with Kis of 21 nM and 35 nM for 20S and 26S proteasome, respectively. MG-115 specifically inhibit the chymotrypsin-like activity of the proteasome, induces p53-dependent apoptosis.
    MG-115
  • HY-N4187
    Licochalcone D
    		Inducer 99.81%
    Licochalcone D, a flavonoid compound mainly existing in the root of Glycyrrhiza uralensis, is a potent and orally active inhibitor of NF-kappaB (NF-κB) p65. Licochalcone D possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer properties.
    Licochalcone D
  • HY-19322
    PIM447
    		Inducer 99.52%
    PIM447 (LGH447) is a potent, orally available, and selective pan-PIM kinase inhibitor, with Ki values of 6, 18, and 9 pM for PIM1, PIM2, and PIM3, respectively. PIM447 displays dual antimyeloma and bone-protective effects. PIM447 induces apoptosis.
    PIM447
  • HY-131493
    PF-06939999
    		Inducer 99.84%
    PF-06939999 (PRMT5-IN-3) is a SAM-competitive, orally active PRMT5 inhibitor that inhibits the expression of SDMA protein (IC50 in A427 is 1.1 nM). PF-06939999 exhibits antitumor effect.
    PF-06939999
  • HY-10535
    Evofosfamide
    		Inducer ≥98.0%
    Evofosfamide (TH-302) is a hypoxia-activated proagent with IC50 of 10 μM and 1000 μM in hypoxia (N2) and normoxia (21% O2), respectively.
    Evofosfamide
  • HY-23095
    Thalidomide-5-OH
    		Inducer 99.65%
    Thalidomide-5-OH is the Thalidomide-based cereblon ligand used in the recruitment of CRBN protein. Thalidomide-5-OH can be connected to the ligand for protein by a linker to form PROTACs.
    Thalidomide-5-OH
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity