2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Related Products

PDF 16.38 MB

Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N2071R
    Cedrol (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Cedrol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Cedrol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Cedrol is a potent competitive inhibitor of cytochrome P-450(CYP) enzyme. Cedrol plays an anticancer role by inducing cell cycle arrest and Caspase-dependent apoptosis. Cedrol acts as a neutrophil agonist that can desensitize cells to subsequent stimulation of N-formyl peptides. Cedrol prevents neuropathic pain caused by chronic contractile injury by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation. In addition, Cedrol has antibacterial, hair loss prevention and anti-anxiety properties.
    Cedrol (Standard)
  • HY-W040293
    06:0 PE
    		Inducer
    06:0 PE (PE(6:0/6:0)) is a water-soluble phospholipid characterized by its short acyl chains, exhibiting notable antitumor activity and the ability to inhibit tumor progression in vivo, alongside antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects, while serving as a precursor for phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine.
    06:0 PE
  • HY-14519CS
    (R)-Methotrexate-d3
    (R)-Methotrexate-d3 is the deuterium labeled (R)-Methotrexate[1].
    (R)-Methotrexate-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-162319
    Tubulin/HDAC-IN-4
    		Inducer
    Tubulin/HDAC-IN-4 (compound 9n) is a dual Tubulin and HDAC inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.73, 0.43, 0.62, 2.34 µM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC6, HDAC7, respectively. Tubulin/HDAC-IN-4 inhibits the tubulin polymerization by targeting the colchicine binding site. Tubulin/HDAC-IN-4 induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase. Tubulin/HDAC-IN-4 induces a significant elevation of intracellular ROS levels. Tubulin/HDAC-IN-4 shows anti-angiogenesis activity and anticancer activity.
    Tubulin/HDAC-IN-4
  • HY-N6872R
    Actein (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Actein (Standard) is the analytical standard of Actein. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Actein, a triterpene glycoside, shows an inhibitory effect on cancer cells, which is isolated from the rhizomes of Cimicifuga foetida. Actein suppresses cell proliferation, induces autophagy and apoptosis through promoting ROS/JNK activation, and blunting AKT pathway in bladder cancer. Actein has little toxicity in vivo.
    Actein (Standard)
  • HY-146432
    Antitumor agent-60
    		Inducer
    Antitumor agent-60 (compound 20) is a potent antitumor agent, targeting RAS-RAF signaling pathway and binding to CRAF with a Kd value of 3.93 μM. Antitumor agent-60 induces apoptosis by blocking cell cycle at G2/M phase. Antitumor agent-60 enhances the level of p53 and ROS. Antitumor agent-60 causes oval and irregular nucleus in cancer cells. Antitumor agent-60 can suppress the growth of tumor to some extent in A549 xenograft model.
    Antitumor agent-60
  • HY-156444
    HDAC1/CDK7-IN-1
    		Inducer
    HDAC1/CDK7-IN-1 (compound 8e) is a dual CDK7 and HDAC1 inhibitor with IC50s of 893 nM and 248 nM, respectively. HDAC1/CDK7-IN-1 inhibits the growth cells of MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, A549, and HCT-116 cancer cells. HDAC1/CDK7-IN-1 induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HCT-116 cells, as well as hindered the migration of HCT-116 cells.
    HDAC1/CDK7-IN-1
  • HY-P10833
    C-VGB3
    		Inducer
    C-VGB3 is a selective vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) antagonist, which inhibits VEGFR2-mediated PI3K/AKT/mTOR and PLCγ/ERK1/2 signaling pathways. C-VGB3 binds to the extracellular domain of VEGFR2, blocking ligand-receptor interaction and inducing apoptosis in endothelial and tumor cells through both intrinsic (involving Bcl2 family and caspases) and extrinsic (death receptor-mediated) pathways. C-VGB3 is promising for research of angiogenesis-related cancers, such as breast cancer.
    C-VGB3
  • HY-14153S
    Tegaserod-d11
    		Inducer
    Tegaserod-d11 is deuterated labeled Tegaserod (HY-14153). Tegaserod is an orally active serotonin receptor 4 (HTR4; 5-HT4R) agonist and a 5-HT2B receptor antagonist. Tegaserod has pKis of 7.5, 8.4 and 7.0 for human recombinant 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B and 5-HT2C receptors, respectively. Tegaserod causes tumor cell apoptosis, blunts PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling and decreases S6 phosphorylation. Tegaserod has anti-tumor activity and has the potential for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) research.
    Tegaserod-d<sub>11</sub>
  • HY-P3779
    Amyloid 17-42
    		Inducer
    Amyloid 17-42 (Aβ(17-42)) is a major constituent of diffuse plaques in Alzheimer's disease and cerebellar pre-amyloid in Down's syndrome, derived by alpha- and gamma-secretase cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). Amyloid 17-42 can induce neuronal apoptosis via a Fas-like/caspase-8 activation pathway.
    Amyloid 17-42
  • HY-153802A
    Antitumor agent-100 hydrochloride
    		Inducer
    Antitumor agent-100 (compound A6) hydrochloride is an orally potent apoptosis inducer and molecular gel targeting PDE3A-SLFN12 (IC50: 0.3 μM) with antitumor activity. Antitumor agent-100 hydrochloride binds to the PDE3A enzyme pocket to recruit and stabilize SLFN12, thereby preventing protein translation and leading to apoptosis.
    Antitumor agent-100 hydrochloride
  • HY-155785
    MTP
    		Inducer
    MTP is a PKM2 inhibitor. MTP induces cancer cell apoptosis by modulating caspase-3 activation. MTP induces autophagy and increases ROS generation. MTP also inhibits JAK2 signaling. MTP can be used for research of oral squamous cell carcinoma.
    MTP
  • HY-150685
    Topo I/COX-2-IN-1
    		Inducer
    Topo I/COX-2-IN-1 (1H-30) is a potential Topo I/COX-2 inhibitor. Topo I/COX-2-IN-1 inhibits COX-2 and Topo I with the IC50 value of 0.24 μM and 4.42 μM, respectively. Topo I/COX-2-IN-1 can induce apoptosis and inhibit migration of cancer cells, has anti-cancer activity.
    Topo I/COX-2-IN-1
  • HY-W011311S
    Eicosapentaenoic acid methyl ester-d5
    Eicosapentaenoic acid methyl ester-d5 is the deuterium labeled Eicosapentaenoic acid methyl ester. Eicosapentaenoic acid methyl ester is a degradant of a monogalactosyl diacylglycerol (an anticancer compound by inducing apoptosis)[1].
    Eicosapentaenoic acid methyl ester-d<sub>5</sub>
  • HY-151429
    Antitumor agent-77
    		Inducer
    Antitumor agent-77 is an antitumor agent, inhibits cancer cells growth and migration. Antitumor agent-77 triggers ferroptosis by inhibiting GPx-4 and elevating COX2. Antitumor agent-77 also activates intrinsic apoptotic pathway (Bax-Bcl-2-caspase-3) and hinders Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process of cancer cells.
    Antitumor agent-77
  • HY-157323
    HDAC6-IN-28
    		Inducer
    HDAC6-IN-28 (compound 10C) is a potent inhibitor of HDAC6 with an IC50 of 261 nM. HDAC6-IN-28 significantly induces apoptosis and S-phase arrest in B16-F10 cells. HDAC6-IN-28 efficiently increases the expression of acetylated-α-tubulin in vitro and in vivo.
    HDAC6-IN-28
  • HY-153761
    ASK1-IN-4
    		Modulator
    ASK1-IN-4 (Compound 17) is an ASK1 inhibitor (IC50=0.2 μM). ASK1-IN-4 interacts with ATP-binding site of ASK1.
    ASK1-IN-4
  • HY-N0168S
    Hesperetin-d3
    Hesperetin-d3 is the deuterium labeled Hesperetin[1]. Hesperetin is a natural flavanone, and acts as a potent and broad-spectrum inhibitor against human UGT activity. Hesperetin regulates apoptosis[2][3].
    Hesperetin-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-N1639
    1-Decarboxy-3-oxo-ceanothic acid
    		Inducer
    1-Decarboxy-3-oxo-ceanothic acid is an anticancer agent. 1-Decarboxy-3-oxo-ceanothic acid inhibits DNA synthesis. 1-Decarboxy-3-oxo-ceanothic acid induces Apoptosis.html" class="link-product" target="_blank">Apoptosis.
    1-Decarboxy-3-oxo-ceanothic acid
  • HY-149029
    TH-6
    		Inducer
    TH-6 is a potent HDAC inhibitor with IC50s of 0.115, 0.135, 0.242, 0.138, 2.120 µM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3, HDAC6, HDAC8, respectively. TH-6 inhibits cell migration and invasion. TH-6 induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase. TH-6 shows anti-tumor activity.
    TH-6
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity