2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-159517
    PI3K/Akt/mTOR-IN-5
    		Inducer
    PI3K/Akt/mTOR-IN-5 (compound D3) is a derivative of Pseudolaric Acid B (HY-N6939) with anti-tumor activity. PI3K/Akt/mTOR-IN-5 inhibits excessive proliferation of tumor cells through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and STAT3/GPX4 pathways. PI3K/Akt/mTOR-IN-5 effectively inhibits EDU positivity, reduces colony formation, places HCT-116 cells in the S phase and G2/M phase, and induces apoptosis.
    PI3K/Akt/mTOR-IN-5
  • HY-N2871
    Angophorol
    		Inducer
    Angophorol is a flavonone compound. Angophorol exerts potential anticancer activity through growth inhibition and apoptosis in K562 cells.
    Angophorol
  • HY-162803
    c-Met-IN-24
    		Inducer
    c-Met-IN-24 (compound 3g) is a dual-target inhibitor of STAT-3 (=4.7 μM) and c-MET (=12.67 μM) with anticancer activity. c-Met-IN-24 arrests the G2/M cell cycle and induces apoptosis in SNB-75 cells. c-Met-IN-24 can be used in the study of central nervous system cancers.
    c-Met-IN-24
  • HY-162796
    TS-2
    TS-2 is a fluorescent ligand of c-Myc G4 with anticancer activity. TS-2 inhibits the growth of cancer cells and induces apoptosis of cancer cells by targeting the c-MYC oncogene promoter G4, causing transcriptional repression of the c-Myc oncogene.
    TS-2
  • HY-N13095
    (+)-Plakevulin A
    		Inducer
    (+)-Plakevulin A (Plakevulin A) is an oxylipin and can be isolated from an Okinawan sponge Plakortis sp. (+)-Plakevulin A inhibits the enzymatic activity of DNA polymerases α and δ. (+)-Plakevulin A induces apoptosis and shows anticancer activity.
    (+)-Plakevulin A
  • HY-N2334R
    Glycochenodeoxycholic acid (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Glycochenodeoxycholic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Glycochenodeoxycholic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Glycochenodeoxycholic acid (Chenodeoxycholylglycine) is a relatively toxic bile salt generated in the liver from chenodeoxycholic acid and glycine. Glycochenodeoxycholic acid inhibits Autophagosome formation and impairs lysosomal function by inhibiting lysosomal proteolysis and increasing lysosomal pH in human normal liver cells, leading to the Apoptosis of human hepatocyte cells. Glycochenodeoxycholic acid induces stemness and chemoresistance via activating STAT3 signaling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HCC). Glycochenodeoxycholic acid is promising for research in the field of cholestasis desease, hepatocellular carcinoma and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC)[1][2][3][4].
    Glycochenodeoxycholic acid (Standard)
  • HY-163153
    Anticancer agent 184
    		Inducer
    Anticancer agent 184 (Compound 6o) is a novel, effective and low toxic anticancer drug. Anticancer agent 184 induces apoptosis by blocking the S phase.
    Anticancer agent 184
  • HY-Y0284R
    Diethyl phthalate (Standard)
    Diethyl phthalate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Diethyl phthalate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Diethyl phthalate is an endocrine disruptor that has the activity of affecting the apoptosis system of PC12 cells. Diethyl phthalate is widely used in a variety of plastics and personal care products. Diethyl phthalate has shown the potential to induce male reproductive toxicity unrelated to androgens in animal experiments.
    Diethyl phthalate (Standard)
  • HY-147785
    Pim-1 kinase inhibitor 2
    Pim-1 kinase inhibitor 2 (Compound 13) is a potent inhibitor of Pim-1 kinase. Pim-1 kinase inhibitor 2 induces apoptosis. Pim-1 kinase inhibitor 2 has the potential for the research of cancer diseases.
    Pim-1 kinase inhibitor 2
  • HY-150968
    Antiproliferative agent-11
    		Inducer
    Antiproliferative agent-11 (compound 7) is an antiproliferative and selective Ruthenium(II)-Tris-pyrazolylmethane complex. Antiproliferative agent-11 shows antiproliferative activity towards MCF-7, HeLa, 518A2, HCT116 and RD with IC50s of 6, 10, 6.8, 6.7 and 6 μM, respectively. Antiproliferative agent-11 can be used for the research of cancer.
    Antiproliferative agent-11
  • HY-157497
    DA5-HTL
    		Inducer
    DA5-HTL is a compound combined dasatinib with HaloTag system efficiently inhibits the growth of the cancer cells with GI50 of 1.923 nM.
    DA5-HTL
  • HY-P5320A
    TAT-BH4 (Bcl-xL) (TFA)
    		Inhibitor
    TAT-BH4 (Bcl-xL) TFA is localized mainly at the mitochondria, prevents apoptotic cell death. TAT-BH4 (Bcl-xL) is a fusion peptide that combines the N-terminal cysteine conjugated protein transduction domain of HIV TAT protein (amino acids 49 to 57) with the Bcl-xL BH4 peptide. TAT-BH4 TFA can be used for research of diseases caused by accelerated apoptosis.
    TAT-BH4 (Bcl-xL) (TFA)
  • HY-150695
    hCAIX/XII-IN-5
    		Inducer
    hCAIX/XII-IN-5 (Coumarin 9a) a carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitor, and exhibits excellent hCA IX/XII selectivity (Ki=93.9 and 85.7 nM, respectively) over hCA I and hCA II. hCAIX/XII-IN-5 shows anti-proliferative activities to cancer cells. hCAIX/XII-IN-5 can delay cell cycle and induce apoptosis.
    hCAIX/XII-IN-5
  • HY-156087G
    Cholicamideβ (GMP)
    		Inducer
    Cholicamideβ (GMP) is a GMP grade of Cholicamideβ. Cholicamideβ (compound 6) is a self-assembling, small molecule, cancer vaccine adjuvant. Cholicamideβ can form virus-like particles with low cytotoxicity. Cholicamideβ, upon binding to peptide antigens, enhances antigen presentation by dendritic cells and induces antigen-specific T cells. Cholicamideβ can induce apoptosis and necrosis.
    Cholicamideβ (GMP)
  • HY-118304
    AKN-028
    		Inducer
    AKN-028, a novel tyrosine kinase (TK) inhibitor, is a potent, orally active FMS-like receptor tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 6 nM. AKN-028 inhibits FLT3 autophosphorylation. AKN-028 induces dose-dependent cytotoxic response (mean IC50=1 μM). AKN-028 induces apoptosisby activation of caspase 3. AKN-028 can be used in research of acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
    AKN-028
  • HY-168565
    Tubulin polymerization-IN-70
    		Inducer
    Tubulin polymerization-IN-70 (compound Q19) is a potent tubulin polymerization inhibitor. Tubulin polymerization-IN-70 shows antiproliferative activity. Tubulin polymerization-IN-70 target the colchicine binding site of tubulin and inhibited tubulin polymerization. Tubulin polymerization-IN-70 induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase. Tubulin polymerization-IN-70 induces mitochondrial membrane potential decrease and increases the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Tubulin polymerization-IN-70 shows antiangiogenic and anticancer activity.
    Tubulin polymerization-IN-70
  • HY-17507CS
    (R)-(+)-Pantoprazole-d6
    (R)-(+)-Pantoprazole-d6 is deuterium labeled (R)-(+)-Pantoprazole.
    (R)-(+)-Pantoprazole-d<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-16558R
    Butein (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Butein (Standard) is the analytical standard of Butein. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Butein is a cAMP-specific PDE inhibitor with an IC50 of 10.4 μM for PDE4. Butein is a specific protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor with IC50s of 16 and 65 μM for EGFR and p60c-src in HepG2 cells. Butein sensitizes HeLa cells to Cisplatin through AKT and ERK/p38 MAPK pathways by targeting FoxO3a. Butein is a SIRT1 activator (STAC).
    Butein (Standard)
  • HY-155728
    Sirt1/2-IN-3
    		Inducer
    Sirt1/2-IN-3 (compound PS9) is a dual inhibitor of SIRT1/2 with IC50s of 1.4 μM (SIRT1) and 2.0 μM (SIRT2), respsectivley. Sirt1/2-IN-3 completely blocks p53 deacetylation, and increase of p53 and α-tubulin acetylation. Sirt1/2-IN-3 induces apoptosis and shows anti-proliferation activity against human leukemia cell lines.
    Sirt1/2-IN-3
  • HY-157891
    JBC117
    		Inducer
    JBC117 is a novel anticancer lead compound targeting Pygo2 PHD. JBC117 can effectively antagonize the cell effect of β-catenin-dependent activity and inhibit the migration and invasion of cancer cells. JBC117 can induce apoptosis.
    JBC117
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity