2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
  4. COX

COX

Cyclooxygenase

COX

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Cyclooxygenase (COX), officially known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), is an enzyme that is responsible for formation of important biological mediators called prostanoids, including prostaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxane. Pharmacological inhibition of COX can provide relief from the symptoms of inflammation and pain. Drugs, like Aspirin, that inhibit cyclooxygenase activity have been available to the public for about 100 years. Two cyclooxygenase isoforms have been identified and are referred to as COX-1 and COX-2. Under many circumstances the COX-1 enzyme is produced constitutively (i.e., gastric mucosa) whereas COX-2 is inducible (i.e., sites of inflammation). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), such as aspirin and ibuprofen, exert their effects through inhibition of COX. The main COX inhibitors are the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

COX Isoform Specific Products:

COX Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N0932
    Catechin hydrate
    		Inhibitor
    Catechin hydrate inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with an IC50 of 1.4 μM.
    Catechin hydrate
  • HY-W706470
    (-)-Bornyl ferulate
    		Inhibitor
    (-)-Bornyl ferulate is a 5-lipoxygenase and COX inhibitor with IC50s of 10.4 μM and 12.0 μM, respectively.
    (-)-Bornyl ferulate
  • HY-15036AR
    Diclofenac (diethylamine) (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Diclofenac (diethylamine) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Diclofenac (diethylamine). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Diclofenac diethylamine is a potent and nonselective anti-inflammatory agent, acts as a COX inhibitor, with IC50s of 4 and 1.3 nM for human COX-1 and COX-2 in CHO cells, and 5.1 and 0.84 μM for ovine COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. Diclofenac diethylamine induces apoptosis of neural stem cells (NSCs) via the activation of the caspase cascade.
    Diclofenac (diethylamine) (Standard)
  • HY-135731R
    4-Methylamino antipyrine (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    4-Methylamino antipyrine (Standard) is the analytical standard of 4-Methylamino antipyrine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 4-Methylamino antipyrine is an active metabolite of Metamizole. Metamizole is a pyrazolone non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and inhibits COX. Metamizole is an nonopioid analgesic agent and can be used for pain and fever. 4-Methylamino antipyrine has analgesic, antipyretic, and relatively weak antiinflammatory properties.
    4-Methylamino antipyrine (Standard)
  • HY-N15347
    Talaromyketide B
    		Inhibitor
    Talaromyketide B is a polyketide compound with anti-inflammatory activity, discovered in the soil bacterium Talaromyces sp. KYS-41. Talaromyketide B inhibits the activation of the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways and dose-dependently suppresses pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α, as well as the transcriptional activity of inflammatory mediators, including iNOS and COX-2. Talaromyketide B holds potential for research in the fields of immunity and inflammatory diseases.
    Talaromyketide B
  • HY-17372R
    Rofecoxib (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Rofecoxib (Standard) is the analytical standard of Rofecoxib. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Rofecoxib is a potent, specific and orally active COX-2 inhibitor, with IC50s of 26 and 18 nM for human COX-2 in human osteosarcoma cells and Chinese hamster ovary cells, with a 1000-fold selectivity for COX-2 over human COX-1 (IC50 > 50 μM in U937 cells and > 15 μM in Chinese hamster ovary cells).
    Rofecoxib (Standard)
  • HY-18342S1
    Diflunisal-13C6
    		Inhibitor
    Diflunisal-13C6 (MK-647-13C6) is 13C labeled Diflunisal. Diflunisal (MK-647) is a salicylate derivative with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory and uricosuric properties, which is used alone as an analgesic and in rheumatoid arthritis patients. The mechanism of action of diflunisal is as a Cyclooxygenase (COX) Inhibitor.
    Diflunisal-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-14397S2
    Indometacin-d7
    		Inhibitor
    Indometacin-d7 is deuterated labeled Indomethacin (HY-14397). Indomethacin (Indometacin) is a potent, orally active COX1/2 inhibitor with IC50 values of 18 nM and 26 nM for COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. Indomethacin has anticancer activity and anti-infective activity. Indomethacin can be used for cancer, inflammation and viral infection research.
    Indometacin-d<sub>7</sub>
  • HY-76251R
    Etodolac (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Etodolac (Standard) is the analytical standard of Etodolac. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Etodolac (AY-24236) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory compound that is a non-selective inhibitor of COX (IC50=53.5 nM)
    Etodolac (Standard)
  • HY-101546A
    Cavidine
    		Inhibitor
    Cavidine ((+)-Cavidine) is a selective COX-2 inhibitor which possesses anti-inflammatory activity. Cavidine can be used for the research of skin injuries, hepatitis, cholecystitis, and scabies. Cavidine ameliorates LPS (HY-D1056)-induced acute lung injury via NF-κB signaling pathway.
    Cavidine
  • HY-118078R
    Robenacoxib (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Robenacoxib (Standard) is the analytical standard of Robenacoxib. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Robenacoxib is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory and analgesic agent. Robenacoxib is a selective COX-2 inhibitor.
    Robenacoxib (Standard)
  • HY-W587743
    N1-Acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine hydrochloride
    		Inhibitor
    N1-Acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine (AMK) hydrochloride is an active metabolite of the neurohormone melatonin (HY-B0075). N1-Acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine hydrochloride (200 µM) effectively scavenges singlet oxygen (ROS).1 It also inhibits the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) induced by epinephrine and arachidonic acid in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, and suppresses the increase in COX-2 levels induced by LPS (HY-D1056) in RAW 264.7 macrophages at a concentration of 500 µM. In a mouse model of Parkinson's disease induced by MPTP (HY-15608), N1-Acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine hydrochloride (20 mg/kg) reduces the increase in lipid peroxidation in the cytosol and mitochondria of the substantia nigra and striatum. N1-Acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine hydrochloride can be used in research on metabolic and neurological diseases
    N1-Acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine hydrochloride
  • HY-B0336R
    Pranoprofen (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Pranoprofen (Standard) is the analytical standard of Pranoprofen. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Pranoprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) for the research of keratitis or other ophthalmology diseases. Pranoprofen inhibit COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes, thus blocking arachidonic acid converted to eicosanoids and reducing prostaglandins synthesis.
    Pranoprofen (Standard)
  • HY-B0253A
    Piroxicam olamine
    		Inhibitor
    Piroxicam olamine (CP-16171) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, acts as a COX inhibitor, with IC50s of 47, 25 μM for human monocyte COX-1 and COX-2, respectively.
    Piroxicam olamine
  • HY-W028263
    6-Hydroxyflavanone
    		Inhibitor
    6-Hydroxyflavanone is a compound that can be isolated from the Muntingia calabura leaves. 6-Hydroxyflavanone targets cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), and opioid and GABA-A receptors that has anti-inflammatory and anti-neuropathic pain potential. 6-Hydroxyflavanone can be used for the research of diabetes.
    6-Hydroxyflavanone
  • HY-17361R
    Etofenamate (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Etofenamate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Etofenamate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Etofenamate, a non-steroid anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) and a non-selective COX inhibitor, possesses analgesic, anti-rheumatic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory properties. Etofenamate is used in the research for osteoarthritis, arthritis and other inflammatory diseases.
    Etofenamate (Standard)
  • HY-167630
    Ketoprofen sodium
    		Inhibitor
    Ketoprofen (RP-19583) sodium is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent. Ketoprofen sodium can inhibit the activity of Cyclooxygenase with IC50 values of 2 nM (COX-1) and 26 nM (COX-2). Ketoprofen is potential in the research of inflammation, immunology, and metabolic disease such as obesity.
    Ketoprofen sodium
  • HY-137160
    (±)-Ketoprofen glucuronide
    		Control
    (±)-Ketoprofen glucuronide is a metabolite of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) Ketoprofen (HY-B0227).
    (±)-Ketoprofen glucuronide
  • HY-B0335S
    Tolfenamic acid-d4
    		Inhibitor
    Tolfenamic acid-d4 is the deuterium labeled Tolfenamic Acid. Tolfenamic Acid (GEA 6414) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer agent, selectively inhibits COX-2, with an IC50 of 13.49 μM (3.53 μg/mL) in LPS-treated (COX-2) canine DH82 monocyte/macrophage cells, but shows no effect on COX-1[1][2].
    Tolfenamic acid-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-76251S1
    (rac)-Etodolac-d3
    		Inhibitor
    (rac)-Etodolac-d3 is a labelled racemic Etodolac. Etodolac (AY-24236) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory compound that is a non-selective inhibitor of COX (IC50=53.5 nM)
    (rac)-Etodolac-d<sub>3</sub>
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
COX Isoform Comparison

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