2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-172094
    AMPK-IN-6
    		Inducer
    AMPK-IN-6 (compound 13a) is potent AMPK inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.093 µM. AMPK-IN-6 induces apoptosis and inhibits autophagy. AMPK-IN-6 shows antiproliferative activity. AMPK-IN-6 has the potential for the research of pulmonary arterial hypertension.
    AMPK-IN-6
  • HY-19471
    (rac)-ZK-304709
    		Inducer
    (rac)-ZK-304709 is an isoform of ZK-304709 and is an orally active multi-targeted tumor growth inhibitor that inhibits multiple cell cycle-dependent kinases (CDKs), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor kinases (VEGF-RTKs), and platelet-derived growth factor receptor kinase β (PDGF-RTKβ). (rac)-ZK-304709 can dose-dependently inhibit the proliferation and colony formation of neuroendocrine tumor (NET) cells. (rac)-ZK-304709 directly acts on NET cells by inducing G2 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, while reducing the expression of MCL1, survivin, and HIF1α. (rac)-ZK-304709 effectively controls tumor growth by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting tumor-induced angiogenesis, and may become a potential agent for inhibiting NET.
    (rac)-ZK-304709
  • HY-N0529R
    Rosmarinic acid (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Rosmarinic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Rosmarinic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Rosmarinic acid is a widespread phenolic ester compound in the plants. Rosmarinic acid inhibits MAO-A, MAO-B and COMT enzymes with IC50s of 50.1, 184.6 and 26.7 μM, respectively.
    Rosmarinic acid (Standard)
  • HY-146471
    EGFR-IN-51
    		Inducer
    EGFR-IN-51 (Compound 6) is a potent EGFR inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.493, 102.60 and 461.63 µM against EGFR, EGFR L858R-TK and EGFR T790M-TK, respectively. EGFR-IN-51 shows cytotoxic activity against cancer cell lines and induces apoptosis.
    EGFR-IN-51
  • HY-170565
    CHD-1
    		Inhibitor
    CHD-1 is a a hypoxia-activated antitumor prodrug. CHD-1 impairs mitochondrial morphology and membrane potential in hypoxic tumor cells, further triggering excessive mitophagy and inducing apoptosis. CHD-1 inhibits the growth of hypoxic tumor cells in vitro and the growth of HeLa xenograft in vivo.
    CHD-1
  • HY-134985
    Thalidomide-NH-PEG1-NH2
    		Inducer
    Thalidomide-NH-PEG1-NH2 is a synthesized E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that incorporates the Thalidomide based cereblon ligand and a linker used in PROTAC technology.
    Thalidomide-NH-PEG1-NH2
  • HY-159589
    BTK-IN-37
    		Inducer
    BTK-IN-37 (compound 8d) is a BTK inhibitor that can induce apoptosis in cancer cells. BTK-IN-37 targets BTK with Ki and IC50 of 5.07 nM and 3.6 nM, respectively. BTK-IN-37 can also selectively induce enrichment of genes involved in necroptosis and pyroptosis.
    BTK-IN-37
  • HY-146163
    Topoisomerase II inhibitor 7
    		Inducer
    Topoisomerase II inhibitor 7 (compound 3a) is a potent inhibitor of topoisomerase II alpha subtype, with an IC50 of 3.19 μM. Topoisomerase II inhibitor 7 can induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.
    Topoisomerase II inhibitor 7
  • HY-120600
    Sibiriline
    		Inhibitor
    Sibiriline is a specific competitive inhibitor of RIPK1 that targets the RIPK1 ATP-binding site and locks it in an inactive conformation. Sibiriline inhibits TNF-induced RIPK1-dependent necroptosis and RIPK1-dependent apoptosis, but does not protect cells from caspase-dependent apoptosis. Sibiriline protects mice from concanavalin A-induced hepatitis and has the potential to inhibit immune-dependent hepatitis..
    Sibiriline
  • HY-W017187
    2-tert-Butyl-1,4-benzoquinone
    		Inducer
    2-tert-Butyl-1,4-benzoquinone is an electrophilic metabolite of butylated hydroxyanisole and an oxidation product of 2-tert-butylhydroquinone.
    2-tert-Butyl-1,4-benzoquinone
  • HY-N2334AR
    Glycochenodeoxycholic acid sodium salt (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Glycochenodeoxycholic acid sodium salt (Standard) is the analytical standard of Glycochenodeoxycholic acid sodium salt. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Glycochenodeoxycholic acid sodium salt (Sodium glycochenodeoxycholate) is a relatively toxic bile salt generated in the liver from chenodeoxycholic acid and glycine. Glycochenodeoxycholic acid sodium salt inhibits Autophagosome formation and impairs lysosomal function by inhibiting lysosomal proteolysis and increasing lysosomal pH in human normal liver cells, leading to the Apoptosis of human hepatocyte cells. Glycochenodeoxycholic acid sodium salt induces stemness and chemoresistance via activating STAT3 signaling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HCC). Glycochenodeoxycholic acid sodium salt is promising for research in the field of cholestasis desease, hepatocellular carcinoma and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC).
    Glycochenodeoxycholic acid sodium salt (Standard)
  • HY-161855
    VEGFR-2-IN-50
    		Inducer
    VEGFR-2-IN-50 (Compound 10f) is a VEGFR-2 inhibitor and apoptosis inducer, with an IC50 value of 0.33 μM. VEGFR-2-IN-50 (Compound 10f) has growth inhibitory activity on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines, with IC50 values of 19.86 μM and 10.88 μM, respectively, which is expected to be used in the study of breast cancer diseases.
    VEGFR-2-IN-50
  • HY-170842
    TDK-HCPT
    		Inducer
    TDK-HCPT is a small-molecule conjugate that links glutathione-sensitive thiamine disulfide to the chemotherapy drug 10-Hydroxycamptothecin (HY-N0095) via a thioketal bond. TDK-HCPT can target tumor cells and prolong the retention of chemotherapy agents within tumor cells. TDK-HCPT can inhibit tumor growth, induce apoptosis of tumor cells, and has anti-tumor activity.
    TDK-HCPT
  • HY-N1381R
    Periplocin (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Periplocin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Periplocin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Periplocin is a cardiotonic steroid isolated from root-bark Periploca sepium Bunge. Periplocin promotes tumor cell apoptosis and inhibits tumor growth. Periplocin has the potential to facilitate wound healing through the activation of Src/ERK and PI3K/Akt pathways mediated by Na/K-ATPase.
    Periplocin (Standard)
  • HY-103086
    INU-152
    INU-152 is a potent and selective B-Raf inhibitor. INU-152 reduces tumor cell proliferation, enhances autophagy, and induces apoptosis by inhibiting B-Raf activity. INU-152 exhibits significant cytotoxicity against cancer cells transformed with v-Ha-ras (Ras-NIH 3T3). INU-152 can be utilized in cancer research.
    INU-152
  • HY-161153
    Microtubule inhibitor 9
    		Inducer
    Microtubule inhibitor 9 (Compound O-7) is a 2-Aryl-1H-benzo [d] imidazole derivative with in vitro anticancer activity. Microtubule inhibitor 9 can induce cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and early apoptosis. Microtubule inhibitor 9 inhibits cancer cell migration by inhibiting wound healing and colony formation.
    Microtubule inhibitor 9
  • HY-163506
    Ebselen derivative 1
    		Inhibitor
    Ebselen derivative 1 (Compound 19) is a glutathione peroxidase (GPx) mimic with oral activity. Ebselen derivative 1 demonstrates significant protective effects against cisplatin (HY-17394)-induced hair cell (HC) damage both in vitro and in vivo, effectively reducing oxidative stress, apoptosis, and ferroptosis in hair cells. Ebselen derivative 1 can be utilized in the research of cisplatin (HY-17394)-induced hearing loss .
    Ebselen derivative 1
  • HY-B1448AS
    (Rac)-Benidipine-d7
    (Rac)-Benidipine-d7 is the deuterium labeled Benidipine[1]. Benidipine is a potent and orally active calcium channel antagonist[2]. Benidipine shows anti-apoptosis effects in ischaemic/reperfused myocardial cells[3]. Benidipine increases the activity of endothelial cell-type nitric oxide synthase and improves coronary circulation in hypertensive rats[4].
    (Rac)-Benidipine-d<sub>7</sub>
  • HY-162755
    SHP2-IN-30
    		Inducer
    SHP2-IN-30 (compound 14i) is an allosteric SHP2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 104 nM. SHP2-IN-30 shows low inhibitory effect on SHP2-PTP. SHP2-IN-30 induces cell apoptosis and arrests the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase.
    SHP2-IN-30
  • HY-167911
    Cidofovir sodium
    		Inducer
    Cidofovir sodium is an acyclic monophosphate nucleotide analogue and CMV inhibitor with antiviral activity. Cidofovir sodium inhibits cytomegalovirus (CMV) replication by selectively inhibiting viral DNA polymerase. Cidofovir sodium induces apoptosis and can be used in studies of AIDS cytomegalovirus retinitis, herpes, and cancer. Cidofovir sodium also has anti-orthopoxvirus and anti-variola activities.
    Cidofovir sodium
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity