2. Infection

Infection

Infection

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Infection is a pathophysiological process that involves the invasion and colonization of a living organism (host) by disease-causing infectious agents, the reaction of host tissues to these agents and the toxins they produce, and the transmission of infectious agents to other hosts. Common infectious agents include viruses, viroids, prions, bacteria, nematodes, arthropods, and other macroparasites such as tapeworms. Hosts can fight infections using their immune system. Mammals often engage both innate and adaptive immune systems to eliminate infectious agents or inhibit their growth and transmission. When infection occurs, anti-infective drugs can suppress the infection. Several broad types of anti-infective drugs exist, depending on the type of organism targeted; they include antibacterial (antibiotic), antiviral, antifungal and antiparasitic agents.

Cat. No. Product Name CAS No. Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-W552525
    Deoxyadenosine diphosphate sodium 402491-35-4
    Deoxyadenosine diphosphate sodium is a nucleoside diphosphate, in which the nucleoside is deoxyadenosine. Deoxyadenosine diphosphate sodium participates in DNA synthesis and repair. Deoxyadenosine diphosphate sodium acts as the inhibitor of polynucleotide phosphorylase, interfers with the polymerization of ADP and CDP.
    Deoxyadenosine diphosphate sodium
  • HY-W554514
    D-Homoserine lactone 51744-82-2
    D-Homoserine lactone is a signaling molecule with the activity of regulating bacterial quorum sensing. The chemical structure of D-Homoserine lactone makes it a potential regulator of the AHL synthase RhlI. D-Homoserine lactone has been shown to inhibit the activity of RhlI, thereby affecting the bacterial quorum sensing signaling pathway. D-Homoserine lactone is also an enantiomer of L-homoserine lactone and is used as an inhibitor of serine hydroxymethyltransferase.
    D-Homoserine lactone
  • HY-W579772
    Tetrabutylammonium (nitrite) 26501-54-2
    Tetrabutylammonium (nitrite) is a compound with antibacterial activity. Tetrabutylammonium (nitrite) has inhibitory activity against some Gram-negative bacteria and some Gram-positive bacteria.
    Tetrabutylammonium (nitrite)
  • HY-W585869
    Amorphadiene 92692-39-2
    Amorphadiene is the precursor to the antimalarial agent artemisinin, which is produced through the amorphadiene synthase (ADS)-catalyzed cyclization of farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) yeast.
    Amorphadiene
  • HY-W587414
    Neospiramycin I 70253-62-2
    Neospiramycin I is a macrolide antibiotic and a derivative of Spiramycin I (HY-N7141). Neospiramycin I is effective against the macrolide-sensitive KB210 strain of S. aureus, but ineffective against the macrolide-resistant KB224 strain, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 3.12 and greater than 100 µg/mL, respectively; it is also effective against B. cereus, B. subtilis, M. luteus, E. coli, and K. pneumoniae, with respective MIC values of 1.56, 3.12, 3.12, 0.2, 50, and 12.5 µg/mL. Neospiramycin I binds to the ribosomes of E. coli, with an inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) of 1.2 µM. It protects mice from death in a type III S. pneumoniae infection model, with an effective dose 50 (ED50) of 399.8 mg/kg.
    Neospiramycin I
  • HY-W587878
    Thujopsene 470-40-6
    Thujopsene is the inhibitor for cytochrome P450, that inhibits CYP2B6, CYP3A4, CYP2C19, CYP2C8, CYP2C9 with IC50s of 1.3, 12.6, 13.6, 29.8, and 44.9 μM, respectively. Thujopsene binds to PKM2, inhibits the metabolism pathway of cancer cell, induces apoptosis in MKN45, thereby exhibiting antitumor efficacy. Thujopsene exhibits anti-termite and antifungal activities through autoxidation.
    Thujopsene
  • HY-W587957
    Gypsogenic acid 5143-05-5
    Gypsogenic acid is a triterpenoid acid that can be isolated from Miconia stenostachya and has antibacterial and trypanoidal activities. The MICs values of Gypsogenic acid for the oral bacterial pathogens Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus haematococcus, Streptococcus mutans and sobrinus were 50-200 μg/mL. Gypsogenic acid can induce blood cortensite cleavage in isolated mice with IC50 56.6 μM.
    Gypsogenic acid
  • HY-W590539
    ω-azido-C6 Ceramide 2108102-18-5
    ω-azido-C6 Ceramide reduces the membrane potential, and exhibits antibacterial activity against Neisseria, with MIC of 2 µg/ml for N. meningitidis MC58 and N. gonorrhoeae FA1090.
    ω-azido-C6 Ceramide
  • HY-W643167
    1,2,3-Tritridecanoylglycerol 26536-12-9
    1,2,3-Tritridecanoyl glycerol is a synthetic triacylglycerol that contains tridecanoic acid in the sn-1, sn-2, and sn-3 positions. It has been used as a standard for the relative quantification of triacylglycerols in C. elegans fat stores. It has also been used as an internal standard for the quantification of triacylglycerols in the serum and liver of adult rat offspring receiving dietary conjugated linoleic acids during and after gestation.
    1,2,3-Tritridecanoylglycerol
  • HY-W653875
    Azithromycin-d5
    Azithromycin-d5 (CP-62993-d5) is the deuterium labeled Azithromycin (CP-62993) (HY-17506). Azithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic useful for thestudy of a number of bacterial infections.
    Azithromycin-d5
  • HY-W653896
    Alternariol-d2 2469262-26-6
    Alternariol-d2 is deuterium labeled Alternariol. Alternariol is an orally ingested mycotoxin produced by Alternaria, capable of inhibiting the activity of topoisomerase I and II (topoisomerase I, topoisomerase II). Alternariol has weak estrogenic (Estrogen Receptor/ERR) and androgen/antiandrogen (Androgen Receptor) effects. Alternariol can induce apoptosis, trigger cell cycle arrest, suppress innate immune responses, and exhibit anti-tumor activity. Alternariol has genotoxic, mutagenic, and endocrine-disrupting effects.
    Alternariol-d2
  • HY-W653921
    Tenuazonic acid-d13 2714417-30-6
    Tenuazonic acid-d13 is deuterium labeled Tenuazonic acid. Tenuazonic acid is a nonhost-selective mycotoxin belonging to the tetramic acids family. Tenuazonic acid inhibits protein biosynthesis on ribosomes by suppressing the release of new protein. Tenuazonic acid is acutely toxic, and oral LD50 is set between 81-186 mg/kg in rats and mice. Tenuazonic acid blocks electron transport beyond the primary quinone receptor (QA) by interacting with the D1 protein and is a photosystem II (PSII) inhibitor. In addition, Tenuazonic acid has antiviral effects on measles virus, enterovirus, respiratory virus and so on. Tenuazonic acid has an inhibitory effect on skin cancer.
    Tenuazonic acid-d13
  • HY-W653970
    5-Azacytidine-15N4 2139283-40-0
    5-Azacytidine-15N4 is 13C and 15N labeled 5-Azacytidine. 5-Azacytidine (Azacitidine; 5-AzaC; Ladakamycin) is a nucleoside analogue of cytidine that specifically inhibits DNA methylation. 5-Azacytidine is incorporated into DNA to covalently trap DNA methyltransferases and contributes to reverse epigenetic changes. 5-Azacytidine induces cell autophagy.
    5-Azacytidine-15N4
  • HY-W653977
    Chlortetracycline-13C,d3 hydrochloride
    Chlortetracycline-13C,d3 hydrochloride (7-Chlorotetracycline-13C,d3 hydrochloride) is the 13C- and deuterium labeled Chlortetracycline hydrochloride (HY-B1327). Chlortetracycline hydrochloride is an orally active, selective antibiotic, that inhibits methanogenic bacteria through inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis. Chlortetracycline hydrochloride is a specific and potent calcium ionophore antibiotic, that inhibits binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to ribosomes.
    Chlortetracycline-13C,d3 hydrochloride
  • HY-W654013
    Minocycline-d7
    Minocycline-d7 is deuterium labeled Minocycline. Minocycline is an orally active, potent and BBB-penetrated semi-synthetic tetracycline antibiotic. Minocycline is a hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α inhibitor. Minocycline shows anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and glutamate antagonist effects. Minocycline reduces glutamate neurotransmission and shows neuroprotective properties and antidepressant effects. Minocycline inhibits bacterial protein synthesis through binding with the 30S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, resulting in a bacteriostatic effect.
    Minocycline-d7
  • HY-W654130
    Daunorubicin-13C,d3
    Daunorubicin-13C,d3 is 13C and deuterium labeled Daunorubicin. Daunorubicin (Daunomycin) is a topoisomerase II inhibitor with potent anti-tumor activity. Daunorubicin inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis. Daunorubicin is a cytotoxin that inhibits cancer cell viability and induces apoptosis and necrosis. Daunorubicin is also an anthracycline antibiotic. Daunorubicin can be used in the research of infection and variety of cancers, including leukemia, non-Hodgkin lymphomas, Ewing's sarcoma, Wilms' tumor.
    Daunorubicin-13C,d3
  • HY-W654156
    Diclazuril-13C3,15N2
    Diclazuril-13C3,15N2 is 13C and 15N labeled Diclazuril. Diclazuril (R-64433), a benzeneacetonitrile derivative, is a potent and orally active anticoccidial agent. Diclazuril can be used for the research of certain infectious and parasitic diseases, including coccidiosis, acute toxoplasmosis, equine protozoal pyoencephalitis (EPM) et.al.
    Diclazuril-13C3,15N2
  • HY-W654157
    Dicloxacillin-13C4 sodium hydrate
    Dicloxacillin-13C4 sodium hydrate is the 13C-labeled Dicloxacillin Sodium hydrate (HY-B0977). Radioactive isotopes labeled compounds can be used in metabolic analysis, allowing the movement of individual atoms to be precisely tracked and quantified.
    Dicloxacillin-13C4 sodium hydrate
  • HY-W654221
    Hydroxychloroquine O-sulfate sodium 2740402-74-6
    Hydroxychloroquine O-Sulfate (HCQ O-Sulfate) sodium is a derivative of the antimalarial agent Hydroxychloroquine (HY-W031727).
    Hydroxychloroquine O-sulfate sodium
  • HY-W654282
    Myclobutanil-d9
    Myclobutanil-d9 is deuterium labeled Myclobutanil. Myclobutanil is a conazole class fungicide widely used as an agrichemical.
    Myclobutanil-d9
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity