2. Academic Validation
  3. Oral Anticoagulation following intracranial haemorrhage in patients with atrial fibrillation

Oral Anticoagulation following intracranial haemorrhage in patients with atrial fibrillation

  • Eur Stroke J. 2025 Apr;10(1_suppl):35-45. doi: 10.1177/23969873241296803.
Ashkan Shoamanesh 1,  Catharina Jm Klijn 2,  Kevin N Sheth 3,  Roland Veltkamp 4,  Else C Sandset 5,  Charlotte Cordonnier 6,  Rustam Al-Shahi Salman 7
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 Department of Medicine (Neurology), Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
  • 2 Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
  • 3 Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
  • 4 Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK.
  • 5 Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital and the Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation, Oslo, Norway.
  • 6 University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France.
  • 7 Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
PMID: 40401653 DOI: 10.1177/23969873241296803
Abstract

Purpose: To review the current evidence on anticoagulation for intracranial haemorrhage (ICrH) survivors with atrial fibrillation (AF).

Method: Narrative review of the literature.

Findings: AF and ICrH are age-related conditions whose prevalence and comorbidity is expected to increase with the ageing population. Patients with ICrH were excluded from pivotal randomized trials of anticoagulation in AF and guidelines do not provide strong recommendations on if and when to (re)initiate anticoagulation in patients with AF and ICrH. Pooled analyses of phase II randomized trials have reported reduced risk of ischaemic major adverse cardiovascular events with anticoagulation in this population, but there remains uncertainty regarding the effects of anticoagulation on recurrent ICrH and death, as well as potential heterogeneity of treatment effect in higher risk subgroups, such as patients with cerebral amyloid angiopathy. There are no reported randomized trials investigating the optimal timing of anticoagulation (re)initiation in ICrH survivors with AF and the findings from observational studies have been inconsistent.

Conclusion: Whether or not OAC should be resumed in ICrH survivors with AF and the optimal timing of OAC (re)initiation are challenging clinical dilemmas that are becoming more frequent with our ageing population. The existing prevalence of AF in patients with ICrH and changing global demographics highlight the importance of ongoing and future randomized trials addressing unresolved questions surrounding optimal stroke prevention strategies in this vulnerable patient population.

Keywords

Anticoagulation; atrial fibrillation; cerebral amyloid angiopathy; intracerebral haemorrhage; intracranial haemorrhage; stroke prevention.

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