2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-175214
    Antitumor photosensitizer-9
    		Agonist
    Antitumor photosensitizer-9 is a near-infrared Photosensitizer (PS) with a high singlet oxygen production rate (relative rate = 1.79). Antitumor photosensitizer-9 exhibits strong phototoxicity against various cancer cells and induces ROS generation under light irradiation. Antitumor photosensitizer-9 inhibits tumor growth in vivo and exhibits excellent anticancer photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficacy at low drug and light doses. Antitumor photosensitizer-9 can be used in photodynamic therapy research.
    Antitumor photosensitizer-9
  • HY-126849
    3-Morpholinosydnonimine
    		Inducer
    3-Morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1) is a spontaneous ROS/RNS generator and peroxynitrite donor. 3-Morpholinosydnonimine is a vasodilator and platelet aggregation inhibitor. 3-Morpholinosydnonimine induces oxidative stress-induced chondrocyte apoptosis and necrosis. 3-Morpholinosydnonimine inhibits the migration, proliferation and neointima formation of vascular smooth muscle cells by inhibiting the expression of annexin A2. In addition, low doses of 3-Morpholinosydnonimine shows protective effects on Zn2+ treated nerve cells.
    3-Morpholinosydnonimine
  • HY-128741R
    D-Allose (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    D-Allose (Standard) is the analytical standard of D-Allose (HY-128741). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. D-Allose exhibits antitumor activity against various cancer cells. D-Allose scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduces oxidative stress damage. D-Allose exhibits anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective through inhibition of TLR4/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. D-Allose exhibits antihypertensive, cryoprotective, and anti-osteoporotic activities.
    D-Allose (Standard)
  • HY-170774
    Hypoxia inducer-1
    		Inhibitor
    Hypoxia inducer-1 (Compound N6) is an orally active hypoxia activated nitric oxide (NO) donor compound. Hypoxia inducer-1 exhibits highly selective NO release under hypoxic conditions and inhibits hypoxia-induced apoptosis, necrosis, and the increase in ROS levels. Hypoxia inducer-1 regulates vascular dilation and has a protective effect in a mouse model of myocardial hypoxia injury. Hypoxia inducer-1 can be used in the research of coronary heart disease.
    Hypoxia inducer-1
  • HY-176557
    NCI677397
    		Agonist
    NCI677397 is a USP24 inhibitor. NCI677397 increases lipid ROS, activates cholesterol and fatty acid biosynthesis, degrades ABC transporters, GPX4 and DHFR through the autophagy pathway, decreases the level of P-gp and ultimately leads to ferroptosis in drug-resistant cancer cells. NCI677397 can be used for the study of lung caner and brain cancer.
    NCI677397
  • HY-N8054
    1-Hydroxypinoresinol 1-O-β-D-glucoside
    		Inhibitor
    1-Hydroxypinoresinol 1-O-β-D-glucoside (Compound 4) is an antioxidative compound.
    1-Hydroxypinoresinol 1-O-β-D-glucoside
  • HY-B1777S
    Spermine-15N2
    Spermine-15N2 (NSC 268508-15N2) is the 15N-labeled Spermine (HY-B1777). Spermine is a natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. Spermine is known to inhibit some bacterial cultures, especially strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Spermine induces neurotoxicity in the striarum dose-dependently. Spermine can reversibly inhibits DNA synthetic response, mixed lymphocyte response and the induction of cytolytic lymphocyte response in primary cultures of murine spleen cells. Spermine tetrahydrochloride is a polyamine nitric oxide donor that can provide nitric oxide to platelets and inhibit platelet activation to a certain extent concentration-dependently. Spermine tetrahydrochloride occurs in mammalian tissues, plants, bacteria, ribosomes and bacteriophage. Spermine tetrahydrochloride inhibits primary human embryo lung fibroblasts in vitro.
    Spermine-<sup>15</sup>N<sub>2</sub>
  • HY-175275
    10-Butyl Ether Minocycline
    		Inhibitor
    10-Butyl Ether Minocycline (BEM), a Minocycline (HY-17412A) derivative, is an MMP-8 and MMP-9 inhibitor with IC50s of 69.4 µM and 47.0 µM, respectively. 10-Butyl Ether Minocycline suppresses LPS (HY-D1056)-induced microglial activation. 10-Butyl Ether Minocycline inhibits VEGF-induced endothelial cell migration and L-Glutamine (HY-N0390)-induced ROS levels. 10-Butyl Ether Minocycline significantly reduces alcohol consumption in the Chronic Intermittent Ethanol (CIE) mouse model of alcohol dependence. 10-Butyl Ether Minocycline can be used for the study of neuroimmune-inflammatory diseases and Alcohol use disorder (AUD).
    10-Butyl Ether Minocycline
  • HY-178342
    Xanthine oxidase-IN-18
    Xanthine oxidase-IN-18 is a potent orally activeXanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitor (IC50 = 0.263 μM). Xanthine oxidase-IN-18 exerts inhibition by directly and stably binding to the xanthine oxidase Mo-co active site. Xanthine oxidase-IN-18 exhibits reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity. Xanthine oxidase-IN-18 shows anti-hyperuricemia effects in a Potassium oxonate (HY-17511)-induced hyperuricemic rat model. Xanthine oxidase-IN-18 can be used for hyperuricemia, breast and lung cancer research.
    Xanthine oxidase-IN-18
  • HY-113328R
    Aminoadipic acid (Standard)
    		Activator
    Aminoadipic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Aminoadipic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Aminoadipic acid is an orally active lysine oxide derivative. Aminoadipic acid induces ROS generation, increases free Ca2+, decreases SOD, and activates TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway. Aminoadipic acid has pro-inflammatory effects. Aminoadipic acid can be used in atherosclerosis research[1][2][3][4].
    Aminoadipic acid (Standard)
  • HY-175521
    HIF-1α-IN-8
    		Inhibitor
    HIF-1α-IN-8 is an orally active HIF-1α inhibitor, with an IC50 of 2.02 μM. HIF-1α-IN-8 significantly suppresses the expression of inflammation factors of IL-6 and NO, reduces hypoxia-induced ROS production and apoptosis in C8-D1A cells. HIF-1α-IN-8 inhibits HIF-1α/IKKα/NF-κB signaling pathway and reduces the expression of blood-brain barrier permeability-related proteins. HIF-1α-IN-8 reduces brain water content and oxidative stress level in mice with high altitude cerebral edema (HACE) model. HIF-1α-IN-8 can be used for the study of high altitude cerebral edema (HACE).
    HIF-1α-IN-8
  • HY-17007S
    Saquinavir-d9
    		Inhibitor
    Saquinavir-d9 (Ro 31-8959-d9) is the deuterium labeled Saquinavir (HY-17007). Saquinavir (Ro 31-8959) is an orally active HIV protease inhibitor that can be used in the research of AIDS. Saquinavir also has anti-inflammatory activity and can induce apoptosis of human red blood cells.
    Saquinavir-d<sub>9</sub>
  • HY-12590
    Glutathione oxidized disodium
    Glutathione oxidized disodium is produced by the oxidation of glutathione which is a major intracellular antioxidant and detoxifying agent.
    Glutathione oxidized disodium
  • HY-N10593
    Ladanetin-6-O-β-D-glucopyranoside
    		Inhibitor
    Ladanetin-6-O-β-D-glucopyranoside is an active flavonoid. Ladanetin-6-O-β-D-glucopyranoside has antioxidative effect. Ladanetin-6-O-β-D-glucopyranoside can be used for the research of cardioprotective effects.
    Ladanetin-6-O-β-D-glucopyranoside
  • HY-161850
    ULK1-IN-3
    		Agonist
    ULK1-IN-3 (Compound 8) is a novel chromone-based as a potential inhibitor of ULK1. ULK1-IN-3 inhibits cell cycle, autophagy and induces apoptosis, oxidative stress in colon cancer cell lines.
    ULK1-IN-3
  • HY-B0739R
    Citicoline (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Citicoline (Cytidine diphosphate-choline) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Citicoline. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Citicoline is an endogenous intermediate in the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine which is a component of cell membranes. Citicoline inhibits reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis. Citicoline can be used for neurological disease and hearing loss study.
    Citicoline (Standard)
  • HY-W144308R
    Tetrachlorohydroquinone (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Tetrachlorohydroquinone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Tetrachlorohydroquinone (HY-W144308). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Tetrachlorohydroquinone (TCHQ) is a metabolite of Pentachlorophenol. Tetrachlorohydroquinone induces reactive oxidant stress (ROS), inhibits apoptosis and induces necrosis in primary mouse splenocytes. Tetrachlorohydroquinone increases DNA lesions and induces oxidative stress in rodents.
    Tetrachlorohydroquinone (Standard)
  • HY-157788
    ZX703
    		Inducer
    ZX703 (compound 5I) is a PROTAC that significantly degrades GPX4 in a dose- and time-dependent manner through the ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy-lysosome pathways (DC50=0.315 µM). ZX703 induces ferroptosis by inducing Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) accumulation in cells. ZX703 can be used for cancer research.
    ZX703
  • HY-175806
    CS47
    		Inducer
    CS47 is a reversible Thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1) inhibitor. CS47 activates stress-responsive GSH and iron regulatory programs, depleting GSH and promoting HO-1 overexpression and intracellular iron overload by ROS accumulation, and finally inducing ferroptosis in KRAS-independent lung cancers. CS47 has an anticancer activity with low cytotoxicity toward normal lung fibroblasts.
    CS47
  • HY-165492
    Opc 14117
    		Inhibitor
    OPC-14117 is an orally active superoxide radical scavenger that can cross the blood-brain barrier. OPC-14117 inhibits the oxidative stress cascade reaction, significantly reducing the increase in tissue osmotic pressure and alleviating brain edema in the brain contusion model. OPC-14117 blocks the NF-κB-dependent apoptotic pathway in the striatum neuron apoptosis model induced by Quinolinic acid (HY-100807). OPC-14117 can reduce the necrotic volume, protect hippocampal CA3 neurons and restore cognitive function. OPC-14117 can be used to study secondary brain injury and improve neurological prognosis.
    Opc 14117
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity