2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-B0863
    Glyphosate
    		Inducer ≥98.0%
    Glyphosate, a non-selective systemic biocide with broad-spectrum activity, is an herbicidal derivative of the amino acid glycine. Glyphosate inhibits the enzymatic activity of the 5-endopyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) in the shikimic acid pathway, preventing the synthesis of the aromatic amino acids tyrosine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan. Glyphosate induces oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction, processes that lead to neuronal death by autophagia, necrosis, or apoptosis, as well as the appearance of behavioral and motor disorders.
    Glyphosate
  • HY-13322
    Pracinostat
    		Inducer 99.80%
    Pracinostat is a potent histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, with IC50s of 40-140 nM, used for cancer research. Pracinostat also inhibits metallo-β-lactamase domain-containing protein 2 (MBLAC2) hydrolase activity with an EC50 below 10 nM.
    Pracinostat
  • HY-N0441
    Neferine
    		Inducer 99.92%
    Neferine is a major bisbenzylisoquinline alkaloid. Neferine strongly inhibits NF-κB activation.
    Neferine
  • HY-11005
    BX-912
    		Inducer 99.13%
    BX-912 is a direct, selective, and ATP-competitive PDK1 inhibitor (IC50=26 nM). BX-912 blocks PDK1/Akt signaling in tumor cells and inhibits the anchorage-dependent growth of a variety of tumor cell lines in culture or induces apoptosis.
    BX-912
  • HY-B0202
    Irbesartan
    		Inducer 99.68%
    Irbesartan (SR-47436) is an orally active Ang II type 1 (AT1) receptor blocker (ARB). Irbesartan can relax the blood vessels, low blood pressure and increase the supply of blood and oxygen to the heart. Irbesartan can be used for the research of high blood pressure, heart failure, and diabetic kidney disease.
    Irbesartan
  • HY-101180
    C2 Ceramide
    		Inducer 99.85%
    C2 Ceramide (Ceramide 2) is the main lipid of the stratum corneum and a protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) activator. C2 Ceramide activates PP2A and ceramide-activated protein phosphatase (CAPP). C2 Ceramide induces cells differentiation, autophagy and apoptosis, inhibits mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III. C2 Ceramide is also a skin conditioning agent that protects the epidermal barrier from water loss.
    C2 Ceramide
  • HY-13804
    PP1
    		Inducer 99.19%
    PP1 is a potent, and Src family-selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor with IC50 of 5 and 6 nM for Lck and Fyn, respectively.
    PP1
  • HY-Y1362
    Ethyl pyruvate
    		Inducer 99.87%
    Ethyl pyruvate is a simple derivative of the endogenous metabolite pyruvate. Ethyl pyruvate is an HMGB1 release inhibitor. Ethyl pyruvate can induce apoptosis by autophagy. Ethyl pyruvate has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-tumor activity. Ethyl pyruvate can be used in the study of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.
    Ethyl pyruvate
  • HY-139330
    MGH-CP1
    		Inducer 99.56%
    MGH-CP1 is a potent and orally active TEAD2 and TEAD4 auto-palmitoylation inhibitor with IC50s of 710 nM and 672 nM, respectively. MGH-CP1 can decrease the palmitoylation levels of endogenous or ectopically expressed TEAD proteins in cells. MGH-CP1 can suppress Myc expression, inhibit epithelial over-proliferation, and induce apoptosis when together with Lats1/2 deletion.
    MGH-CP1
  • HY-N0104
    Curcumol
    		Inducer 99.50%
    Curcumol ((-)-Curcumol), a bioactive sesquiterpenoid, possesses numerous pharmacological activities like anticancer, antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, and antiinflammatory. Curcumol is a potent inducer of apoptosis in numerous cancer cells via targeting key signaling pathways as MAPK/ERK, PI3K/Akt and NF-κB which are generally deregulated in several cancers.
    Curcumol
  • HY-101415
    Coenzyme Q9
    		Inhibitor ≥98.0%
    Coenzyme Q9 (Ubiquinone Q9), the major form of ubiquinone in rodents, is an amphipathic molecular component of the electron transport chain that functions as an endogenous antioxidant. Coenzyme Q9 attenuates the diabetes-induced decreases in antioxidant defense mechanisms. Coenzyme Q9 improves left ventricular performance and reduces myocardial infarct size and cardiomyocyte apoptosis.
    Coenzyme Q9
  • HY-100548
    GSK621
    		Inducer 98.03%
    GSK621 is a specific AMPK activator, with IC50 values of 13-30 μM for AML cells. GSK621 induces autophagy and apoptosis. GSK621 induces eiF2α phosphorylation-a hallmark of UPR activation.
    GSK621
  • HY-10128
    ZM-447439
    		Inducer 99.19%
    ZM-447439 is an aurora kinase inhibitor with IC50s of 110 and 130 nM for aurora A and B, respectively.
    ZM-447439
  • HY-10192
    NVP-TAE 684
    		Inducer 99.70%
    NVP-TAE 684 (TAE 684) is a highly potent and selective ALK inhibitor, which blocks the growth of ALCL-derived and ALK-dependent cell lines with IC50 values between 2 and 10 nM.
    NVP-TAE 684
  • HY-101395
    W146
    		Inducer 99.83%
    W146 is a selective antagonist of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) with an EC50 value of 398 nM.
    W146
  • HY-W009749
    L-Cystathionine
    		Inhibitor ≥99.0%
    L-Cystathionine is a nonprotein thioether and is a key amino acid associated with the metabolic state of sulfur-containing amino acids. L-Cystathionine protects against Homocysteine-induced mitochondria-dependent apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs). L-Cystathionine plays an important role in cardiovascular protection.
    L-Cystathionine
  • HY-108543
    NSC 95397
    		Inducer ≥99.0%
    NSC 95397 is a potent, selective Cdc25 dual specificity phosphatase inhibitor (Ki=32 nM (Cdc25A), 96 nM (Cdc25B), 40 nM (Cdc25C); IC50=22.3 nM (human Cdc25A), 56.9 nM (human Cdc25C), 125 nM (Cdc25B)). NSC 95397 inhibits mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) and suppresses proliferation and induces apoptosis in colon cancer cells through MKP-1 and ERK1/2 pathway.
    NSC 95397
  • HY-D0885B
    Phosphocreatine disodium
    		Inhibitor ≥98.0%
    Phosphocreatine (disodium) is an organic compound found in vertebrate skeletal muscles. Phosphocreatine (disodium) enhances antioxidant activity, and activates the TAK1 pathway to protect the heart. Phosphocreatine (disodium) normalizing mitochondrial function and reducing oxidative stress via Akt mediated Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Phosphocreatine (disodium) provides renal protection by suppressing Apoptosis and ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) generation through ERK mediated mediated Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway..
    Phosphocreatine disodium
  • HY-W071746
    Linolelaidic acid
    		99.52%
    Linolelaidic acid (Linoelaidic acid) is an omega-6 trans fatty acid (TFA) that is an essential nutrient with oral activity. Linolelaidic acid can be added to enteral nutrition (oral), parenteral nutrition (intravenous), and infant formula. Linolelaidic acid has anti-inflammatory and anti-parasitic ((Parasite)) activities, and can induce Apoptosis. Linolelaidic acid is useful for research in infections.
    Linolelaidic acid
  • HY-10262
    BMS-536924
    		Inducer 99.83%
    BMS-536924 is an orally active, competitive and selective insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) kinase and insulin receptor (IR) inhibitor with IC50s of 100 nM and 73 nM, respectively. BMS-536924 has anti-cancer activity.
    BMS-536924
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity